... Intracranial bruit may be due to a carotid cavernous sinus fistula or a cerebral angioma. It may also be due to a congenital arteriovenous anomaly. A cerebral aneurysm is rarely big enough to cause a bruit. Severe anemia may cause intracranial bruits without localized
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An abdominal bruit is a murmur that corresponds to the cardiac cycle. It is heard best with the diaphragm of the stethoscope, usually over the abdominal aorta, renal arteries, or spleen. It can be a sign of atherosclerosis or fibromuscular hyperplasia.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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A carotid bruit is a blowing sound or murmur over the carotid artery, heard best with the bell of the stethoscope. It is usually associated with carotid stenosis secondary to atherosclerosis and may imply an increased risk of stroke, depending on the degree of stenosis and history of TIA... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Many disease processes, including malignancies, infections, and bowel obstruction, present with abdominal masses. The most serious and dramatic etiology is an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is responsible for 15,000 deaths per year. More... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abdominal guarding refers to muscular rigidity of the abdomen upon palpation. It may be involuntary or voluntary. The examiner may try to limit the voluntary guarding during the physical examination by having the patient bend both knees and/or rest the head on a pillow, and asking the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abdominal masses are common presenting signs of malignant solid tumors in children and should be presumed to be such. They require urgent evaluation to rule out compression of internal organs, hemorrhage, and/or malignancy. In newborns, an abdominal mass is most likely renal... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... As the physician examines the abdomen, how can he or she recall all of the causes of a mass or swelling? The physician should consider the possibilities for the mass’s composition. It may be air, in which case the physician would think of air in
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular defect, or a fecal... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Commonly an indicator of life- or limb-threatening vascular disease, bruits are swishing sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. They're characterized by location, duration, intensity, pitch, and the time of onset in the cardiac cycle. Loud bruits produce... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Detected by palpation, abdominal rigidity refers to abnormal muscle tension or inflexibility of the abdomen. Rigidity may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary rigidity reflects the patient’s fear or nervousness upon palpation; involuntary rigidity reflects potentially... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Pulsating mass in periumbilical area, systolic bruit over aorta, tenderness with deep palpation, flank and groin pain, weakness, sweating, tachycardia, hypotension
Treatment (Tx) Surgery, fluid
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... Abdominal aneurysm, an abnormal dilation in the arterial wall, generally occurs in the aorta between the renal arteries and iliac branches. Rupture — in which the aneurysm breaks open, resulting in profuse bleeding — is a common complication that occurs in... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Femoral and popliteal aneurysms (sometimes called peripheral arterial aneurysms) are the end result of progressive atherosclerotic changes occurring in the walls (medial layer) of these major peripheral arteries. These aneurysmal formations may be fusiform (spindle... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Pallor, cyanosis, pain, tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension, bruising, abdominal distention and rigidity
Treatment (Tx) I.V. fluid replacement, surgical repair, analgesics,
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... Signs and Symptoms Arrhythmias, palpitations, fatigue, weakness, angina, dyspnea, edema, crackles, jugular vein distention, systemic embolization, pulses alternans
Treatment (Tx) Antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants,
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... Signs and Symptoms Ripping pain extending to neck, back, shoulders, and abdomen; bradycardia; aortic insufficiency; pericardial friction rub; blood pressure differences; neurologic deficits; hoarseness; dysphagia; dyspnea
Treatment ... Pictures
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular defect, or a fecal mass.
... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Commonly an indicator of life- or limb-threatening vascular disease, bruits are swishing sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. They’re characterized by location, duration, intensity, pitch, and time of onset in the cardiac cycle. Loud bruits produce intense vibration and a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Detected by palpation, abdominal rigidity refers to abnormal muscle tension or inflexibility of the abdomen. Rigidity may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary rigidity reflects the patient’s fear or nervousness upon palpation; involuntary rigidity... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Abdominal Mass
❑ Liver enlargement
❑ Spleen enlargement
❑ Fecal mass
❑ Diverticulitis
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Carotid artery stenosis
❑ Carotid artery ruptured plaque
❑ Transmitted valvular murmur
❑ Carotid... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... With abdominal aneurysm, an abnormal dilation in the arterial wall generally occurs in the aorta between the renal arteries and iliac branches. Such aneurysms are four times more common in men than in women and are most prevalent in whites ages 50 to 80... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Femoral and popliteal aneurysms result from progressive atherosclerotic changes occurring in the walls (medial layer) of the major peripheral arteries. Aneurysmal formations may be fusiform (spindle shaped) or saccular (pouchlike), with the fusiform type... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Ventricular aneurysm is marked by an outpouching (almost always of the left ventricle) that produces ventricular wall dysfunction in 10% to 20% of patients after a myocardial infarction (MI). A ventricular aneurysm may develop within weeks after an MI, usually following anterior... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Thoracic aortic aneurysm is characterized by an abnormal widening of the ascending, transverse, or descending part of the aorta. Aneurysm of the ascending part of the aorta is the most common type — and is usually fatal.
The aneurysm may be... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular defect, or a fecal mass. ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Commonly an indicator of life- or limb-threatening vascular disease, bruits are swishing sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. They’re characterized by location, duration, intensity, pitch, and time of onset in the cardiac cycle. Loud bruits... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Although vomiting, abdominal pain, GI bleeding,hematuria, and fever accompany some types of abdominal mass lesions,other types occur without any associated signs and symptoms. Thus,it is especially important to examine the abdomen on each medicalvisit. Principal Causes of ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Commonly an indicator of life- or limb-threatening vascular disease, bruits are swishing sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. They're characterized by location, duration, intensity, pitch, and the time of onset in the cardiac cycle. Loud bruits... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Detected by palpation, abdominal rigidity refers to abnormal muscle tension or inflexibility of the abdomen. Rigidity may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary rigidity reflects the patient's fear or nervousness upon palpation; involuntary rigidity... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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As the physician examines the abdomen, how can he or she recall all of
the causes of a mass or swelling? The physician should consider the
possibilities for the mass’s composition. It may be air, in which case
the physician would... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Abdominal aortic aneurysms usually grow silently for years until they rupture and become deadly. Learn if you are at risk and who definitely needs to...
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