...
What is the blood glucose and serum acetone level? If these are increased, consider diabetic acidosis. If these are normal, consider other causes of acidosis.
What is the bicarbonate level? An ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Metabolic acidosis (defined as a serum bicarbonate <20 mEq/L) can be due to a primary metabolic cause, or it can represent a secondary metabolic compensation for a primary respiratory process. These processes can be distinguished by evaluation of a venous (or arterial) blood gas.>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Developing a list of possible causes of acidosis is also best approached by using the physiologic model of production, transport, excretion, or degradation.
ACIDOSIS (DECREASED PH)
Production
Acids
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe dehydration, irreversible coma, and death.
... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Associated with Impaired Tissue Oxygenation
Shock (e.g., hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic)
Hypoxemia, respiratory failure
Anemia, severe
Occurring in Absence of Apparent Hypoxemia or Circulatory Insufficiency
Diabetes, uncontrolled
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Increased Anion Gap
Renal failure, acute or chronic
Ketoacidosis
Diabetic
Alcoholic
Starvation
Lactic acidosis (see 1-E)
Toxins
Aspirin
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Distal (Type I)
Pyelonephritis, chronic
Obstructive uropathy
Drugs, toxins
Amphotericin B
Analgesics
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Neuromuscular Causes
Ingestion or overdose (e.g., tranquilizers, sedatives, anesthetics, anticholinesterases)
Cerebral, brainstem, or high spinal-cord injury or infarct
Primary neuromuscular disease
Guillain-Barré syndrome
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Metabolic acidosis is a physiologic state of excess acid accumulation and deficient base bicarbonate produced by an underlying pathologic disorder. Symptoms result from the body’s attempts to correct the acidotic condition through compensatory mechanisms in the lungs,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) — a syndrome of persistent dehydration, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis — results from the kidneys’ inability to conserve bicarbonate. This disorder occurs as... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Signs and Symptoms Confusion, apprehension, asterixis, coma, headache, dyspnea, tachypnea, papilledema, depressed reflexes, tachycardia, hypertension or hypotension, arrhythmias, vasodilation
Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs in ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe dehydration, irreversible coma, and death. ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A syndrome of persistent dehydration, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis, renal tubular acidosis (RTA) results from the kidneys’inability to conserve bicarbonate. This disorder occurs as distal RTA (type I, or... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An acid-base disturbance characterized by reduced alveolar ventilation and manifested by hypercapnia (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide [Paco2] greater than 45 mm Hg), respiratory acidosis can be acute (from a sudden failure in ventilation) or chronic (as... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe dehydration,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe dehydration, irreversible coma, and... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis—a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe dehydration, irreversible coma, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Developing a list of possible causes of acidosis is also best
approached by using the physiologic model of production, transport,
excretion, or degradation.
Production ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Germs are a fact of life and catching an infectious disease like a cold may seem inevitable. But there are simple ways to protect yourself against...
Sexual contact can sometimes result in problems. An unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases may be some of those consequences. But by...
Stress takes its toll by making us anxious, depressed and not able to function as fully as we'd like. What many don't know is that stress can...
Sleep is necessary to feel refreshed, but now we know sleep actually impacts the way the body functions. Sleeping poorly can affect how often you get...