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Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic Acidosis: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis

Increased Anion Gap

Renal failure, acute or chronic
Ketoacidosis
   Diabetic
   Alcoholic
   Starvation
Lactic acidosis (see 1-E)
Toxins
   Aspirin
   Methanol
   Ethylene glycol
   Toluene
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
Inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., maple syrup urine disease, methylmalonic aciduria)

Normal Anion Gap

Gastrointestinal loss
   Diarrhea
   Ileal loop, ureterosigmoidostomy
   Small-bowel or pancreatic fistula or drainage
   Ion-exchange resins (e.g., cholestyramine)
   Calcium or magnesium chloride ingestion
Renal loss
   Renal tubular acidosis (see 6-F)
   Hypoaldosteronism
   Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Recovery phase of ketoacidosis
Rapid expansion of extracellular fluid volume with bicarbonate-free fluid (e.g., dilutional acidosis)
Hyperalimentation with excess of cationic amino acids
Acidifying agents (e.g., ammonium chloride)

References

1. Shapiro JI, Kaehny WD: Pathogenesis and Management of Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis, p. 130. See Bibliography, 4.
2. Rose, p. 540. See Bibliography, 3.

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

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