Prevalence and Incidence of Adrenoleukodystrophy
Prevalance of Adrenoleukodystrophy:
1 per 20,000 people suffer from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Genetics Home reference website ... see also overview of Adrenoleukodystrophy.
Prevalance Rate:
approx 1 in 20,000 or 0.00% or 13,600 people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "1 per 20,000 people suffer from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Genetics Home reference website" -- see also general information about data sources]
Adrenoleukodystrophy: Rare Disease
Adrenoleukodystrophy is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Adrenoleukodystrophy, or a subtype of Adrenoleukodystrophy,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Adrenoleukodystrophy Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Adrenoleukodystrophy: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Adrenoleukodystrophy.
Adrenal hypofunction:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Adrenal hypofunction occurs when more than 90% of both adrenal glands are destroyed, an occurrence that typically results from an autoimmune process in which circulating antibodies react specifically against the adrenal tissue. Other causes include tuberculosis (once the chief cause; now responsible for less than 10% of adult cases), bilateral adrenalectomy, hemorrhage into the adrenal gland, neoplasms, and infections (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, histoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus). Rarely, a familial tendency to autoimmune disease predisposes the patient to adrenal hypofunction and other endocrinopathies.
Secondary adrenal hypofunction that results in glucocorticoid deficiency can stem from hypopituitarism (causing decreased corticotropin secretion), abrupt withdrawal of long-term corticosteroid therapy (long-term exogenous corticosteroid stimulation suppresses pituitary corticotropin secretion and results in adrenal gland atrophy), or removal of a nonendocrine, corticotropin-secreting tumor. Adrenal crisis follows when trauma, surgery, or other physiologic stress exhausts the body’s stores of glucocorticoids in a person with adrenal hypofunction.
Adrenal hypofunction affects 1 in 16,000 neonates congenitally. In adults, it affects 8 in 100,000 people, and males and females are affected equally. There’s no racial predilection.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The causative organism is difficult to identify because no foreign ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid has been linked to the disease. CJD is believed to be caused by a specific protein called a prion, which lacks nucleic acids, resists proteolytic digestion, and spontaneously aggregates in the brain. Most cases are sporadic; 5% to 15% are familial, with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Although CJD isn’t transmitted by normal casual contact, human-to-human transmission can occur as a result of certain medical procedures, such as corneal and cadaveric dura mater grafts. Isolated cases are attributed to treatment during childhood with human growth hormone and to improperly decontaminated neurosurgical instruments and brain electrodes.
CJD generally affects adults ages 40 to 65 and occurs in more than 50 countries. Males and females are affected equally. In people younger than age 30, incidence is 5 in 1,000,000,000; in all other age groups, incidence is 1 in 1,000,000.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
West Nile encephalitis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
WNV is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito (primarily the Culex species) infected with the virus. It's considered the primary vector for WNV and the source of the August 1999 outbreak in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. Mosquitoes become infected by feeding on birds contaminated with the West Nile virus and then transmitting it to humans and animals during a blood meal or “bite.” (See Transmission routes of West Nile virus, page 256.)
Ticks have been found infected with WNV in Africa and Asia only. The role of ticks in the transmission and maintenance of the virus remains uncertain, and to date they aren't considered vectors for WNV in the United States.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that there is no evidence that a person can contract the virus from handling live or dead infected birds. However, avoid barehanded contact when handling dead animals, including birds, and use gloves or double plastic bags to dispose of a carcass. Report the finding to the local health department.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Encephalitis:
Encephalitis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Encephalitis - incidence
Varies with age, geographic location, and season
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Adrenoleukodystrophy usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Adrenoleukodystrophy at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Adrenoleukodystrophy refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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