Causes of Agranulocytosis

List of causes of Agranulocytosis

Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Agranulocytosis) that could possibly cause Agranulocytosis includes:

• Leukemia
• Bacterial infections
• Viral infections
• Certain immune disorders (see Immune symptoms)

Causes of Agranulocytosis (Diseases Database):

The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Agranulocytosis that are listed by the Diseases Database:

• Imatinib mesylate
• Docetaxel
• Oklahoma tick fever
• Pentamidine
• Deferiprone
• Hydroxycarbamide
• Sulphasalazine
• Isoniazid
• Ethotoin
• Valganciclovir
• Procainamide
• Caspofungin
• Clozapine
• Chediak-Higashi disease
• Mirtazapine
• Sulphonamides
• Barth syndrome
• Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
• Griscelli syndrome type 1
• Bevacizumab
• Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
• Mianserin
• Alemtuzumab
• Anakinra
• Topotecan
• Isovaleric acidaemia
• Idarubicin
• Aclarubicin
• Nortriptyline
• Quinidine
• Amodiaquine
• Dipyrone
• Azathioprine
• Histiocytosis X
• Bortezomib
• Paclitaxel
• Hereditary orotic aciduria
• Cyclical neutropenia
• Fludarabine
• Strontium-89
• WHIM syndrome
• Acetophenazine
• Mercaptopurine
• Chloramphenicol
• Methylmalonic aciduria type 2
• Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease
• Methimazole
• Stiripentol
• Zileuton
• Pyrimethamine
• Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
• Glutathione synthase deficiency
• Antipyrine
• Aplastic anemia
• Rheumatoid disease
• Lassa fever
• Actinomycin D
• Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
• Ethosuximide
• Phenytoin
• Gemcitabine
• Riluzole
• Pentostatin
• Ganciclovir
• Myelokathexis
• Albendazole
• Trimetrexate
• Pipothiazine
• Clofarabine
• Levomepromazine
• Trastuzumab
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
• Penicillamine
• Autoimmune neutropenia
• Ibritumomab tiuxetan
• Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
• Glycogenosis type 1b
• Cohen syndrome
• Amitriptyline
• Eflornithine
• Dengue
• Doxorubicin
• Zidovudine
• Interferon beta
• Chlorpromazine
• Irinotecan
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type
• Captopril
• Copper deficiency
• Aminopyrine
• Carbimazole
• Hypersplenism
• Remoxipride
• 5-Azacytidine
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Interferon alpha
• Familial histiocytic reticulosis
• Dubowitz syndrome
• Reticular dysgenesis
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Dothiepin
• Gold salts
• Perazine
• Cilazapril
• Cidofovir
• X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
• Phenylbutazone
• Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2
• Mitoxantrone
• Desipramine
• Propylthiouracil
• Hairy cell leukaemia
• Flucytosine
• Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
• Ticlopidine
• Kostmann disease

Agranulocytosis as a symptom:

Conditions listing Agranulocytosis as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Agranulocytosis. Our database lists the following as having Agranulocytosis as a symptom of that condition:

• Chemical poisoning - Monosodium Methanarsenate
• De Vaal syndrome
• Herbal Agent overdose - Autumn Crocus

Medications or substances causing Agranulocytosis:

The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible causes of Agranulocytosis as a symptom. This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy - some types affect bone marrow production of granulocytes
• Certain antibiotics
• Certain tranquillisers
• Metaxalone
• more drugs...»

See full list of 41 medications causing Agranulocytosis

Drug interactions causing Agranulocytosis:

When combined, certain drugs, medications, substances or toxins may react causing Agranulocytosis as a symptom.

The list below is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms. Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using, including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.

• Promethazine and oral antithyroid drug interaction
• Phenergan and oral antithyroid drug interaction
• Prometh Plain and oral antithyroid drug interaction
• Promethacon and oral antithyroid drug interaction
• Promethegen and oral antithyroid drug interaction
• more interactions...»

See full list of 45 drug interactions causing Agranulocytosis

Related information on causes of Agranulocytosis:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Agranulocytosis may be found in:

• Medications that may cause Agranulocytosis
• Hidden causes of Agranulocytosis

Causes of Agranulocytosis: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Agranulocytosis.

Neutropenia: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

Extrinsic to bone marrow

• Acute infection
  –Viral (HAV, HBV, VZV, RSV, EBV)
  –Bacterial (group B strep, typhoid, TB, tularemia), fungal
  –Rickettsial (typhus, RMSF)
  –Protozoal (malaria, toxoplasmosis)
• Drug-induced
  –Penicillin, sulfonamides
  –Ibuprofen, indomethacin
  –Ranitidine, cimetidine
  –Penicillamine
  –Barbiturates, benzodiazepines
  –Phenothiazines
  –Antithyroid medications
  –Anticonvulsants
• Environmental toxins (arsenic, benzene)
• Autoimmune
• Isoimmune neonatal
• Splenic or hepatic sequestration
  –Especially with concomitant mild thrombocytopenia or anemia
• Metabolic disorders
  –Glycogen storage diseases Ib

Intrinsic to bone marrow or myeloid cell progenitors
• Chronic benign or idiopathic neutropenia
• Cyclic neutropenia (autosomal dominant)
• Marrow replacement with leukemia, lymphoma, or metastatic solid tumors
• Kostmann syndrome
  –Severe congenital neutropenia
• Hypo- or dysgammaglobulinemia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Myelofibrosis
• Schwachman syndrome
• Fanconi anemia
  –May involve neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, or pancytopenia
  –Associated with absent radius, thumb abnormalities, short stature
• Cartilage-hair hypoplasia
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Chédiak-Higashi
• Reticular dysgenesis
• Myelokathexis

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia: Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Granulocytopenia may result from diminished production of granulocytes in bone marrow, increased peripheral destruction of granulocytes, or greater utilization of granulocytes. Diminished production of granulocytes in bone marrow generally stems from radiation or drug therapy; it’s a common adverse effect of antimetabolites and alkylating agents and may occur in the patient who is hypersensitive to phenothiazine, sulfonamides (and some sulfonamide derivatives), antibiotics, and antiarrhythmic drugs. Drug-induced granulocytopenia usually develops slowly and typically correlates with the dosage and duration of therapy. Production of granulocytes also decreases in conditions such as aplastic anemia and bone marrow malignancies and in some hereditary disorders (infantile genetic agranulocytosis).

The growing loss of peripheral granulocytes is due to increased splenic sequestration, diseases that destroy peripheral blood cells (viral and bacterial infections), and drugs that act as haptens (carrying antigens that attack blood cells and causing acute idiosyncratic or non-dose-related drug reactions). Infections such as infectious mononucleosis may result in granulocytopenia because of increased utilization of granulocytes.

Similarly, lymphocytopenia may result from decreased production, increased destruction, or loss of lymphocytes. Decreased production of lymphocytes may be secondary to a genetic or a thymic abnormality or to immunodeficiency disorders, such as thymic dysplasia or ataxia-telangiectasia. Increased destruction of lymphocytes may be secondary to radiation, chemotherapy, or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Loss of lymphocytes may follow postsurgical thoracic duct drainage, intestinal lymphangiectasia, or impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage (as in Whipple’s disease).

Lymphocyte depletion can also result from elevated plasma corticoid levels (due to stress, corticotropin or steroid treatment, or heart failure). Other disorders associated with lymphocyte depletion include Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia, aplastic anemia, sarcoidosis, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, protein-calorie malnutrition, renal failure, terminal cancer, tuberculosis and, in infants, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

Granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia have several causes.

Granulocytopenia

Granulocytopenia may result from decreased production of granulocytes in bone marrow, increased peripheral destruction of granulocytes, or greater utilization of granulocytes.

Decreased production of granulocytes in bone marrow generally stems from radiation or drug therapy; it’s a common adverse effect of antimetabolites and alkylating agents and may occur in the patient who is hypersensitive to phenothiazines, sulfonamides (and some sulfonamide derivatives such as chlorothiazide), antibiotics, or antiarrhythmic drugs.

Drug-induced granulocytopenia usually develops slowly and typically correlates with the dosage and duration of therapy. Production of granulocytes also decreases in such conditions as aplastic anemia and bone marrow cancers and in some hereditary disorders such as infantile genetic agranulocytosis.

Loss of peripheral granulocytes is due to increased splenic sequestration, diseases that destroy peripheral blood cells (viral and bacterial infections), and drugs that act as haptens (carrying antigens that attack blood cells and causing acute idiosyncratic or non-dose-related drug reactions).

Infections, such as infectious mononucleosis, may result in granulocytopenia because of increased utilization of granulocytes.

Lymphocytopenia

Similarly, lymphocytopenia may result from the decreased production, increased destruction, or loss of lymphocytes. Decreased production of lymphocytes may occur secondary to a genetic or thymic abnormality or to immunodeficiency disorders, such as ataxia-telangiectasia and thymic dysplasia. Increased destruction of lymphocytes may occur secondary to radiation therapy or chemotherapy (with alkylating agents).

Loss of lymphocytes may follow postsurgical thoracic duct drainage, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage (as in Whipple’s disease). Lymphocyte depletion can also result from elevated plasma corticoid levels (due to stress, corticotropin or steroid treatment, and heart failure).

Other associated disorders include Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia, aplastic anemia, sarcoidosis, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, protein-calorie malnutrition, renal failure, terminal cancer, tuberculosis and, in infants, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003