Causes of Alcohol Withdrawal
Alcohol Withdrawal Causes: Book Excerpts
Alcohol Withdrawal as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Alcohol Withdrawal as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Alcohol Withdrawal.
Our database lists the following as having
Alcohol Withdrawal as a complication of that condition:
Related information on causes of Alcohol Withdrawal:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Alcohol Withdrawal may be found in:
Causes of Alcohol Withdrawal: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Alcohol Withdrawal.
Alcohol-related disorder:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Numerous biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors appear to be involved in alcohol addiction. An offspring of one parent with alcohol-related disorder is seven to eight times more likely to become an alcoholic than is a peer without such a parent. Biological factors may include genetic or biochemical abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, endocrine imbalances, and allergic responses.
Psychological factors may include the urge to drink alcohol to reduce anxiety or symptoms of mental illness; the desire to avoid responsibility in familial, social, and work relationships; and the need to bolster self-esteem.
Sociocultural factors include the availability of alcoholic beverages, group or peer pressure, an excessively stressful lifestyle, and social attitudes that approve of frequent drinking.
More than 15% of American adults have a problem with alcohol use, and about 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers are alcohol dependent, accounting for about 12.5 million people. Alcohol-related disorder cuts across all social and economic groups, involves both sexes, and occurs at all stages of the life cycle, beginning as early as elementary school.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Alcoholism:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Numerous biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors appear to be involved in alcohol addiction. An offspring of one alcoholic parent is seven to eight times more likely to become an alcoholic than is a peer without an alcoholic parent. Biological factors include genetic and biochemical abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, endocrine imbalances, and allergic responses.
Psychological factors include the urge to drink alcohol to reduce anxiety or symptoms of mental illness; the desire to avoid responsibility in family, social, and work relationships; and the need to bolster self-esteem.
Sociocultural factors include the availability of alcoholic beverages, peer pressure, an excessively stressful lifestyle, and social attitudes that approve of frequent drinking.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Acute Drug Withdrawal:
Acute Drug Withdrawal - risk factors
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Patients receiving sedatives or analgesics capable of causing tolerance are at risk. This is particularly true with infusions or high doses of such substances in previously naïve patients.
Acute Drug Withdrawal - pathophysiology
- Altered CNS neurochemistry is the most important and clinically relevant aspect of withdrawal pathophysiology.
- Under normal conditions, the CNS maintains a balance between excitation and inhibition. While there are several ways to achieve this balance, excitation is constant and actions occur through removal of inhibitory tone.
Acute Drug Withdrawal - etiology
- Neonates:
- Maternal alcohol, caffeine, opioid, sedative-hypnotic, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use may result in a neonatal abstinence syndrome.
- Treatment with caffeine, opioids, or sedative-hypnotics may result in an abstinence syndrome.
- Older children:
- Subsequent to treatment with caffeine, opioids, or sedative-hypnotics, an abstinence syndrome may result.
- Substance abuse, particularly gamma hydroxybutyrate or other sedative-hypnotics may result in an abstinence syndrome.
- Frequent caffeine or nicotine use may lead to an abstinence syndrome.
- Use of opioid antagonists such as naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmephene are associated with opioid withdrawal.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Toxic Alcohols:
Toxic Alcohols - risk factors
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Toxicity via dermal absorption rarely occurs in infants or young children with permeable skin.
Toxic Alcohols - pathophysiology
- All toxic alcohols have direct effects as intoxicants. More importantly, ethylene glycol and methanol are metabolized to toxic by-products that result in severe morbidity or mortality.
- All toxic alcohols may result in altered mental status or coma similar to ethanol. CNS depression may result in respiratory depression requiring ventilatory support.
- Ethylene glycol is metabolized to oxalic acid and glycolic acid, ultimately forming calcium oxylate crystals, which may precipitate in the renal tubules and cause renal failure.
- Methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde and then formic acid, which may damage the retina and cause visual impairment or blindness.
- The metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites may be prevented by competitively inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase with either fomepizole or ethanol.
- Therapy to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase is used for ethylene glycol and methanol exposure.
- Isopropyl alcohol is metabolized to acetone.
- Inhalational absorption of isopropyl alcohol may rarely occur.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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