Hypotension and Shock
Hypotension and Shock: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Hypovolemia
External losses
Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal loss
Fistulae
Renal loss
Diuretics
Diabetes insipidus
Osmotic diuresis (e.g., diabetes mellitus)
Diuretic phase of acute renal failure
Salt-losing nephropathy
Postobstructive diuresis
Cutaneous loss
Burns
Exudative lesions
Perspiration and insensible loss without replacement
Internal losses
Hemorrhage (e.g., anticoagulant therapy)
Hemothorax
Hemoperitoneum
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Soft tissue injury
Fracture
Fluid sequestration
Ascites
Bowel obstruction or infarction
Peritonitis
Phlegmon (e.g., pancreatitis)
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cardiovascular causes
Arrhythmia
Regurgitant lesions
Acute mitral or aortic regurgitation
Rupture of interventricular septum
Giant left ventricular aneurysm
Obstructive lesions
Valvular stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Atrial myxoma
Intracardiac or valvular thrombus (including prosthetic valve)
Myopathy
Acute myocardial infarction
Contusion
Dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy
Ventricular wall defects and aneurysms
Other myocardial disorders (associated with low cardiac output)
Pericardial disease
Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Aortic lesions
Acute dissection
Coarctation
Rupture (e.g., trauma or aneurysm)
Congenital heart disease
Vena cava obstruction
Pleuropulmonary disease
Tension pneumothorax
Positive pressure ventilation
Pulmonary embolism (including thrombus, amniotic fluid, air, tumor)
Primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension
Eisenmenger reaction
Infection
Septicemia
Specific infections (e.g., dengue fever)
Toxic shock syndrome
Anaphylaxis
Endocrine disease
Adrenal insufficiency
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia
Myxedema or thyroid storm
Pheochromocytoma
Pituitary failure including diabetes insipidus
Hypoxia
Severe acidosis or alkalosis
Nonbacterial sepsis syndrome
Hypothermia or hyperthermia
Hepatic failure
Drugs and toxins
Drug overdose and poisoning (e.g., barbiturates)
Antihypertensive agents
Other vasodilators (e.g., nitroglycerin)
Heavy metals
Anesthesia (e.g., propofol)
Polycythemia vera
Sickle cell crisis
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Neuropathic causes
Brainstem failure
Spinal cord dysfunction
Autonomic insufficiency
References
1. Leier CV: Approach to the Patient with Hypotension and Shock, p. 361. See Bibliography, 5.
2. Jimenez EJ: Shock, p. 359. See Bibliography, 5.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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