Causes of Anaphylaxis
List of causes of Anaphylaxis
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Anaphylaxis)
that could possibly cause Anaphylaxis includes:
More causes:
see full list of causes for Anaphylaxis
Causes of Anaphylaxis (Diseases Database):
The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Anaphylaxis
that are listed by the Diseases Database:
Source: Diseases Database
Anaphylaxis Causes: Book Excerpts
Anaphylaxis as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Anaphylaxis as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Anaphylaxis.
Our database lists the following as having
Anaphylaxis as a complication of that condition:
Anaphylaxis as a symptom:
Conditions listing Anaphylaxis
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Anaphylaxis.
Our database lists the following as having
Anaphylaxis as a symptom of that condition:
Medications or substances causing Anaphylaxis:
The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible
causes of Anaphylaxis as a symptom.
This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances
may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
See full list of 47
medications causing Anaphylaxis
Drug interactions causing Anaphylaxis:
When combined, certain drugs, medications, substances or toxins may react
causing Anaphylaxis as a symptom.
The list below is incomplete and various other drugs or substances may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
- Succinylcholine and Thiopental interaction
- Propranolol and Alcohol interaction
- Propranolol and Diatrizoate interaction
- more interactions...»
Read more about medication causes of Anaphylaxis
What triggers Anaphylaxis?
The following conditions are listed as possible triggers
for Anaphylaxis:
Medical news summaries relating to Anaphylaxis:
The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Anaphylaxis:
Related information on causes of Anaphylaxis:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Anaphylaxis may be found in:
Causes of Anaphylaxis: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Anaphylaxis.
Toxic shock syndrome:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Theoretically, tampons may contribute to development of TSS by introducing S. aureus into the vagina during insertion (insertion with fingers instead of the supplied applicator increases the risk) or traumatizing the vaginal mucosa during insertion, thus leading to infection.
When TSS isn’t related to menstruation, it appears to be linked to S. aureus infections, such as abscesses, osteomyelitis, and postsurgical infections. It's also associated with prior antibiotic use.
Risk factors include recent use of barrier contraceptives (diaphragms or vaginal sponges), childbirth, and surgery.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Hypovolemic shock:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Hypovolemic shock usually results from acute blood loss — about one-fifth of total volume. Such massive blood loss may result from GI bleeding, internal hemorrhage (hemothorax and hemoperitoneum), external hemorrhage (accidental or surgical trauma), or from any condition that reduces circulating intravascular plasma volume or other body fluids such as in severe burns. Other underlying causes of hypovolemic shock include intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, ascites and dehydration from excessive perspiration, severe diarrhea or protracted vomiting, diabetes insipidus, diuresis, or inadequate fluid intake.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Photosensitivity reactions:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Certain chemicals can cause a photosensitivity reaction, including dyes, coal tar, and furocoumarin compounds found in plants. The list of drugs that can cause photosensitivity reactions is extensive and includes many drugs within each of the following general categories: antibiotics (especially tetracycline), antidepressants, antihistamines, anticancer agents, antiparasitic agents, antipsychotic agents, diuretics, hypoglycemics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, sunscreens, and miscellaneous agents, such as cardiac glycosides, hormonal contraceptives, and acne medications.
Berlock dermatitis, a specific photosensitivity reaction, results from the use of oil of bergamot — a common component of perfumes, colognes, and pomades.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Shock:
Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
Cardiogenic
❑ Anterior myocardial infarction
❑ Arrhythmia
❑ Dilated cardiomyopathy
❑ Aortic stenosis
❑ Acute mitral regurgitation
Obstructive
❑ Massive pulmonary embolism
❑ Pericardial tamponade
❑ Constrictive pericarditis
❑ Tension pneumothorax
Hypovolemic
❑ Hemorrhage
❑ Fluid depletion
Distributive
❑ Sepsis
❑ Anaphylaxis
❑ Adrenal insufficiency
❑ Neurogenic
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
anaphylaxis:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
The causes of anaphylactic reaction are ingestion of or other systemic exposure to a sensitizing drug or other substance.
Sensitizing substances
Sensitizing substances include serums (usually horse serum), vaccines, allergen extracts, enzymes (such as l-asparaginase), hormones, penicillin and other antibiotics, sulfonamides, local anesthetics, salicylates, polysaccharides, diagnostic chemicals (sulfobromophthalein, sodium dehydrocholate, and radiographic contrast media), foods (legumes, nuts, berries, seafood, and egg albumin) and sulfite-containing food additives, and insect venom (honeybees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, fire ants, mosquitoes, and certain spiders).
A common cause of anaphylaxis is penicillin, which induces anaphylaxis in 1 to 4 of every 10,000 patients treated with it. Penicillin is most likely to induce anaphylaxis after parenteral administration or prolonged therapy and in atopic patients who are allergic to other drugs or foods.
Pathophysiology
An anaphylactic reaction requires previous sensitization or exposure to the specific antigen, resulting in the production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies by plasma cells. This antibody production takes place in the lymph nodes and is enhanced by helper T cells. IgE antibodies then bind to membrane receptors on mast cells (found throughout connective tissue, often near small blood vessels) and basophils.
On reexposure, the antigen binds to adjacent IgE antibodies or cross-linked IgE receptors, activating a series of cellular reactions that trigger degranulation — the release of powerful preformed chemical mediators (such as histamine, prostaglandins, and platelet activating factor) from mast cell stores. IgG or IgM enters into the reaction and activates the release of complement fractions.
This acute phase of the response occurs within minutes of exposure. Because of the systemic nature of the exposure, activation of mast cells is widespread, and the massive release of these powerful mediators near blood vessels leads to vascular collapse by stimulating contraction of certain groups of smooth muscles and by increasing vascular permeability. In turn, increased vascular permeability leads to decreased peripheral resistance and plasma leakage from the circulation to extravascular tissues (which lowers blood volume, causing hypotension, hypovolemic shock, and cardiac dysfunction).
In the later phase of this response (8 to 12 hours later), other mediators are synthesized and released, including chemokines, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These agents mediate the inflammatory response by recruiting eosinophils and lymphocytes. This delayed response may be less dramatic than the acute phase of anaphylaxis, but with a diffuse inflammatory response, further smooth-muscle contraction and edema can occur and progress to grave systemic symptoms.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Toxic shock syndrome:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Although tampons are clearly implicated in TSS, their exact role is uncertain. Theoretically, tampons may contribute to development of TSS by:
❑ introducing S. aureus into the vagina during insertion
❑ absorbing toxin from the vagina
❑ traumatizing the vaginal mucosa during insertion, thus leading to infection
❑ providing a favorable environment for the growth of S. aureus.
When TSS isn’t related to menstruation, it seems to be linked to S. aureus infections, such as abscesses, osteomyelitis, and postsurgical infections.
gender influence Menstruating women who use tampons and women using barrier contraceptive devices, such as dia-phragms and sponges, are at risk for developing TSS. Women who have recently experienced childbirth are also at risk, as are individuals who have recently had surgery.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Hypovolemic shock:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Hypovolemic shock usually results from acute blood loss — about one-fifth of the total volume. Such massive blood loss may result from GI bleeding, internal hemorrhage (hemothorax and hemoperitoneum), or external hemorrhage (accidental or surgical trauma) or from any condition that reduces circulating intravascular plasma volume or other body fluids such as in severe burns. Other underlying causes of hypovolemic shock include intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, ascites and dehydration from excessive perspiration, severe diarrhea or protracted vomiting, diabetes insipidus, diuresis, and inadequate fluid intake.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Electric shock:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Electric shock usually follows accidental contact with exposed parts of electrical appliances or wiring, but it may also result from lightning or the flash of electric arcs from high-voltage power lines or machines.
The increased use of electrical medical devices in the hospital, many of which are connected directly to the patient, has raised serious concern for electrical safety and has led to the development of electrical safety standards. However, even well-designed equipment with reliable safety features can cause electric shock if it’s mishandled. (See Preventing electric shock, page 292.)
CLINICAL TIP: Electric current can cause injury in three ways: true electrical injury as the current passes through the body, arc or flash burns from current that doesn’t pass through the body, and thermal surface burns caused by associated heat and flames.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Cardiogenic shock:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Cardiogenic shock can result from any condition that causes significant left ventricular dysfunction with reduced cardiac output, such as an MI (most common), myocardial ischemia, papillary muscle dysfunction, end-stage cardiomyopathy and other cardiomyopathies (viral, toxic), cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmias (fibrillation, tachycardia), cardial amyloidosis, and myocardial degeneration.
Compensatory mechanisms
Regardless of the underlying cause, left ventricular dysfunction sets into motion a series of compensatory mechanisms that attempt to increase cardiac output and, in turn, maintain vital organ function.
As cardiac output falls in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, aortic and carotid baroreceptors initiate sympathetic nervous responses. These responses, in turn, increase heart rate, left ventricular filling pressure, and peripheral resistance to flow to enhance venous return to the heart.
These compensatory responses initially stabilize the patient’s condition but later cause deterioration with rising oxygen demands of the already compromised myocardium. The result? A vicious circle of low cardiac output, sympathetic compensation, myocardial ischemia, and even lower cardiac output.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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