All statistics for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Prevalence/Incidence of Ankylosing Spondylitis: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Ankylosing spondylitis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Evidence strongly suggests a familial tendency in ankylosing spondylitis. The presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 (positive in more than 90% of patients with this disease) and circulating immune complexes suggests immunologic activity.
One out of 10,000 people has ankylosing spondylitis. It affects more males than females and usually emerges between ages 20 and 40, although it may develop in children younger than age 10.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The cause of JRA remains puzzling. Research continues to test several theories, such as those linking the disease to genetic factors or to an abnormal immune response. Viral or bacterial (particularly streptococcal) infection, trauma, and emotional stress may be precipitating factors, but their relationship to JRA remains unclear.
Considered the major chronic rheumatic disorder of childhood, JRA affects an estimated 150,000 to 250,000 children in the United States; overall incidence is twice as high in females, with variation among the types of JRA.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
RA occurs worldwide, striking three times more females than males. Although it can occur at any age, it begins most often between ages 25 and 55. This disease affects more than 7 million people in the United States alone.
What causes the chronic inflammation characteristic of RA isn’t known, but various theories point to infectious, genetic, and endocrine factors. Currently, it’s believed that a genetically susceptible individual develops abnormal or altered immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies when exposed to an antigen. This altered IgG antibody isn’t recognized as “self,” and the individual forms an antibody against it — an antibody known as RF. By aggregating into complexes, RF generates inflammation. Eventually, cartilage damage by inflammation triggers additional immune responses, including activation of complement. This in turn attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes and stimulates release of inflammatory mediators, which enhance joint destruction.
Much more is known about the pathogenesis of RA than about its causes. If unarrested, the inflammatory process within the joints occurs in four stages. First, synovitis develops from congestion and edema of the synovial membrane and joint capsule. Formation of pannus — thickened layers of granulation tissue — marks the second stage’s onset. Pannus covers and invades cartilage and eventually destroys the joint capsule and bone. Progression to the third stage is characterized by fibrous ankylosis — fibrous invasion of the pannus and scar formation that occludes the joint space. Bone atrophy and malalignment cause visible deformities and disrupt the articulation of opposing bones, causing muscle atrophy and imbalance and, possibly, partial dislocations or subluxations. In the fourth stage, fibrous tissue calcifies, resulting in bony ankylosis and total immobility.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Ankylosing Spondylitis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Typically affects adolescent boys
- Much less common in blacks:
- HLA-B27 occurs in 70–90% of patients, and is present in 8% of whites and 6% of blacks in the general population.
Ankylosing Spondylitis - prevalence
~1/10,000 white boys
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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Ankylosing Spondylitis usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Ankylosing Spondylitis at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Ankylosing Spondylitis refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Ankylosing Spondylitis diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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