Treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Ankylosing Spondylitis
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Is the Diagnosis Correct?
The first step in getting correct treatment is
to get a correct diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis list for Ankylosing Spondylitis may include:
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Marketplace Products, Discounts & Offers
Products, offers and promotion categories available for Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Research Doctors & Specialists
- Bone, Joint and Orthopedic Specialists:
- Arthritis & Joint Health Specialists (Rheumatology):
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Drugs and Medications used to treat Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment
or change in treatment plans.
Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis include:
- Diclofenac
- Indomethacin
- Sulindac
- Apo-Diclo
- Arthrotec
- Cataflam
- Novo-Difenac
- Nu-Diclo
- Voltaren
- Voltaren Ophthalmic
- Voltaren SR
- Voltaren Timed Release
- Apo-Indomethacin
- Indameth
- Indocid
- Indocid-SR
- Indocid PDA
- Indocin
- Indocin-SR
- Novo-Methacin
- Nu-Indo
- Zendole
- Apo-Nabumetone
- Apo-Sulin
- Coinoril
- Novo-Sundac
- Tilcotil
- Tenoxicam
Unlabeled Drugs and Medications to treat Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Unlabelled alternative drug treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis include:
- Celecoxib
- Celebrex
- Rofecoxib
- Vioxx
- Valdecoxib
- Bextra
- Etanercept
- Enbrel
- TNFR:Fc
- Oxicams
- Alti-Piroxicam
- Apo-Piroxicam
- Brexidol
- Dom-Piroxicam
- Feldene
- Med-Pirocam
- Novo-Pirocam
- Nu-Pirox
- Sulfasalazine
- Alti-Sulfasalazine
- Azaline
- Azulfidine
- Azulfidine EN-Tabs
- PMS Sulfasalazine
- PMS Sulfasalazine E.C
- Salazopyrin
- Salazopyrin EN
- SAS-Enema
- SAS Enteric-500
- SAS-500
- Sulfazine EC
Hospital statistics for Ankylosing Spondylitis:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Ankylosing Spondylitis:
- 0.013% (1,638) of hospital consultant episodes were for ankylosing spondylitis in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 96% of hospital consultant episodes for ankylosing spondylitis required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 76% of hospital consultant episodes for ankylosing spondylitis were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 24% of hospital consultant episodes for ankylosing spondylitis were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 9% of hospital consultant episodes for ankylosing spondylitis required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Treatments of Ankylosing Spondylitis: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the treatments of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Neck Stiffness/Pain:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- Trauma: Soft-collar immobilization is no longer routinely recommended
–Cervical spine fractures may be treated with surgical fixation, halo brace immobilization, or careful observation
–Soft-tissue injuries to the neck and torticollis are treated symptomatically with NSAIDs and muscle relaxants (e.g., benzodiazepines, cyclobenzaprine)
–Subarachnoid hemorrhage is often treated surgically
- Infection
–Bacterial meningitis requires immediate broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone and vancomycin); steroids may decrease the morbidity associated with the inflammatory response to infection
–Viral meningitis is treated supportively (IV fluids, NSAIDs)
–Abscess requires antibiotics and drainage
- Inflammatory arthropathies typically respond to NSAIDs, steroids, or antirheumatic agents
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Neck pain:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient’s neck pain is due to trauma, first ensure proper cervical spine immobilization, preferably with a long backboard and a Philadelphia collar. (See Applying a Philadelphia collar, page 430.) Then take his vital signs, and perform a quick neurologic examination. If he shows signs of respiratory distress, give oxygen. Intubation or tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Ask the patient (or a family member, if the patient can’t answer) how the injury occurred. Then examine the neck for abrasions, swelling, lacerations, erythema, and ecchymoses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Ankylosing spondylitis:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
No treatment reliably stops progression of this disease, so management aims to delay further deformity through good posture, stretching and deep-breathing exercises and, in some patients, braces and lightweight supports. Anti-inflammatory analgesics, such as aspirin, indomethacin, sulfasalazine, and sulindac, control pain and inflammation.
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors have been shown to improve symptoms. Corticosteroid therapy or medication to suppress the immune system may be prescribed to control various symptoms. Cytotoxic drugs that block cell growth have been used in patients who don’t respond well to corticosteroids or those who are dependent on high doses of corticosteroids.
Severe hip involvement usually necessitates surgical hip replacement. Severe spinal involvement may require a spinal wedge osteotomy to separate and reposition the vertebrae. This surgery is performed only on selected patients because of the risk of spinal cord damage and the long convalescence involved.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Successful management of JRA usually involves administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, carefully planned nutrition and exercise, and regular eye examinations. Both child and parents must be involved in therapy.
Aspirin is the initial drug of choice, with dosage based on the child’s weight. However, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be used. If these prove ineffective, gold salts, hydroxychloroquine, and penicillamine may be tried. Because of adverse effects, steroids are generally reserved for treatment of systemic complications, such as pericarditis or iritis, that are resistant to NSAIDs. Corticosteroids and mydriatic drugs are commonly used for iridocyclitis. Low-dose cytotoxic drug therapy is currently being investigated. (See Drug therapy for arthritis, pages 367 and 368.)
Physical therapy promotes regular exercise to maintain joint mobility and muscle strength, thereby preventing contractures, deformity, and disability. Good posture, gait training, and joint protection are also beneficial. Splints help reduce pain, prevent contractures, and maintain correct joint alignment.
Surgery is usually limited to soft-tissue releases to improve joint mobility. Joint replacement is delayed until the child has matured physically and can handle vigorous rehabilitation. (See When arthritis requires surgery, page 369.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Salicylates, particularly aspirin, are the mainstay of RA therapy because they decrease inflammation and relieve joint pain. Other useful medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as indomethacin, fenoprofen, and ibuprofen), antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine), gold salts, penicillamine, and corticosteroids (prednisone). Immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and azathioprine, are also therapeutic and are being used more commonly in early disease. (See Drug therapy for arthritis.)
Supportive measures include 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night, frequent rest periods between daily activities, and splinting to rest inflamed joints. A physical therapy program including range-of-motion exercises and carefully individualized therapeutic exercises forestalls joint function loss; application of heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain. Moist heat usually works best for patients with chronic disease. Ice packs are effective during acute episodes.
Advanced disease may require synovectomy, joint reconstruction, or total joint arthroplasty.
Useful surgical procedures in RA include metatarsal head and distal ulnar resectional arthroplasty, insertion of a Silastic prosthesis between the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, and arthrodesis (joint fusion). Arthrodesis sacrifices joint mobility for stability and pain relief. Synovectomy (removal of destructive, proliferating synovium, usually in the wrists, knees, and fingers) may halt or delay the course of this disease. Osteotomy (the cutting of bone or excision of a wedge of bone) can realign joint surfaces and redistribute stresses. Tendons may rupture spontaneously, requiring surgical repair. Tendon transfers may prevent deformities or relieve contractures. (See When arthritis requires surgery.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Neck pain:
Emergency Interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient’s neck pain is due to trauma, first ensure proper cervical spine immobilization, preferably with a long backboard and a Philadelphia collar. (See Applying a Philadelphia collar, page 546.) Then take vital signs, and perform a quick neurologic examination. If he shows signs of respiratory distress, give oxygen. Intubation or tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Ask the patient (or a family member, if the patient can’t answer) how the injury occurred. Then examine the neck for abrasions, swelling, lacerations, erythema, and ecchymoses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Ankylosing spondylitis:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Because ankylosing spondylitis’ progression can’t be stopped, treatment aims to delay further deformity by good posture, stretching and deep-breathing exercises and, in some patients, braces and lightweight supports. Patients must understand that a long-term daily exercise program is essential to delaying loss of function. An anti-inflammatory analgesic (such as indomethacin and sulfasalazine) is given to control pain and inflammation.
Severe hip involvement usually necessitates surgical hip replacement. Severe spinal involvement may require a spinal wedge osteotomy to separate and reposition the vertebrae. This surgery is performed only on selected patients because of the risk of spinal cord damage and the long convalescence involved.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Successful management of JRA usually involves administration of an anti-inflammatory, physical therapy, carefully planned nutrition and exercise, and regular eye examinations. The child and his parents must be involved in therapy.
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) — such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen — is used to reduce pain and swelling. If this proves ineffective, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), such as methotrexate, is a useful second-line agent. In addition, gold salts, hydroxychloroquine, auranofin, aurothioglucose, etanercept, or sulfasalazine may be considered. Responses to individual drugs may differ among the various subtypes of JRA. Because of adverse effects, systemic steroids are generally reserved for treatment of systemic complications that are resistant to NSAIDs and DMARDS, such as pericarditis and iritis. However, an intra-articular steroid can be effective in managing pauciarticular and polyarticular JRA.
CLINICAL TIP: Joint rest (by splinting) used for up to 3 days after joint injections with a corticosteroid may improve anti-inflamma-tory response.
Corticosteroids and mydriatics are commonly used for iridocyclitis. Low-dose cytotoxic drug therapy is currently being investigated.
Physical therapy promotes regular exercise to maintain joint mobility and muscle strength, thereby preventing contractures, deformity, and disability. Good posture, gait training, and joint protection are also beneficial. Splints help reduce pain, prevent contractures, and maintain correct joint alignment.
Generally, the prognosis for JRA is good, although disabilities can occur. Surgery is usually limited to soft-tissue releases to improve joint mobility. Joint replacement is delayed until the child has matured physically and can handle vigorous rehabilitation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Salicylates, particularly aspirin, are the mainstay of RA therapy, because they decrease inflammation and relieve joint pain. Other useful medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (such as indomethacin, fenoprofen, and ibuprofen), antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine), sulfasalazine, gold salts, and corticosteroids (prednisone). (See Drug therapy for arthritis.)
Immunosuppressants — such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and azathioprine — are also therapeutic. They’re being used more commonly early in the disease process. Cox-2 inhibitors, such as rofecoxib and celecoxib, significantly reduce the risk of GI bleeding. Cyclophosphamide, which suppresses the immune system and is associated with toxic adverse effects, may be used in patients who have been unsuccessful with other therapies.
UNDER STUDY: A number of new drugs are becoming popular for RA therapy:
❑ Etanercept, an injectable, and infliximab, given I.V. every 2 months, inhibit the inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor.
❑ Leflunomide blocks the growth of new cells.
❑ Anakinra, an injectable, blocks another inflammatory protein, interleukin-1.
Supportive measures include 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night, frequent rest periods between daily activities, and splinting to rest inflamed joints. A physical therapy program, including range-of-motion exercises and carefully individualized therapeutic exercises, forestalls loss of joint function.
Application of heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain. Moist heat usually works best for patients with chronic disease. Ice packs are effective during acute episodes.
Treatment in advanced disease
Advanced disease may require synovectomy, joint reconstruction, or total joint arthroplasty. (See When arthritis requires surgery, page 743.)
Useful surgical procedures in RA include metatarsal head and distal ulnar resectional arthroplasty, insertion of a Silastic prosthesis between MCP and PIP joints, and arthrodesis (joint fusion). Arthrodesis sacrifices joint mobility for stability and relief of pain.
Synovectomy (removal of destructive, proliferating synovium, usually in the wrists, knees, and fingers) may halt or delay the course of the disease. Osteotomy (the cutting of bone or excision of a wedge of bone) can realign joint surfaces and redistribute stresses.
Tendons may rupture spontaneously, requiring surgical repair. Tendon transfers may prevent deformities or relieve contractures. Apheresis may slow down RA or stop it from wor-sening.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Neck pain:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Promote the patient’s comfort by giving an anti-inflammatory and an analgesic, as needed. Prepare him for diagnostic tests, such as X-rays, computed tomography scan, blood tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Patient teaching
Inform the patient about the need for activity restrictions. Teach him how to apply the cervical collar, if needed. Reinforce the importance of performing exercises, as indicated.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Neck pain:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If the patient’s neck pain is due to trauma, first ensure proper cervical spine immobilization, preferably with a long backboard and a Philadelphia collar. (See Applying a Philadelphia collar.) Then take vital signs and perform a quick neurologic examination. If he shows signs of respiratory distress, give oxygen. Intubation or tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Ask the patient (or a family member, if the patient can’t answer) how the injury occurred. Then examine the neck for abrasions, swelling, lacerations, erythema, and ecchymoses.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Neck pain:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Promote patient comfort by giving an anti-inflammatory and an analgesic, as needed.
▪ Assist the patient to find positions that make him most comfortable.
▪ Prepare him for diagnostic tests, such as X-rays, a computed tomography scan, blood tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient how to apply a cervical collar, as appropriate.
▪ Explain any activity restrictions.
▪ Check that the patient knows how to perform any prescribed exercises correctly.
▪ Teach about medications and their adverse effects.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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