... Hemorrhoids are dilated perianal veins that become thrombosed or can rupture, producing subcutaneous or submucosal hematomas. They are usually due to chronic constipation but may be the cause of constipation also. Although they are usually considered to be a
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Is there bleeding? The presence of bleeding with pain suggests an anal fissure, hemorrhoids, carcinoma, rectal prolapse, and intussusception.
Is there a mass? The presence of rectal pain along with a mass would suggest internal and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Hemorrhoids are not protruding “varicose veins”—they are distinct from the rectal varices of portal hypertension. Rather, hemorrhoids are downwardly displaced anal cushions, which are normal vascular tissue (sinusoids) that protect the anal canal during defecation.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Rectal complaints are common and distressing for patients. Although most causes of rectal pain and bleeding are benign and treatable, carcinoma must be considered and ruled out in older patients (>40 years) and those with suggestive findings (e.g., polyps). Many of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is useful first to divide the conditions into extrinsic and intrinsic. To recall the extrinsic causes one
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
Because the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Hemorrhoids are varicosities in the superior or inferior hemorrhoidal venous plexus. Dilation and enlargement of the superior plexus produce internal hemorrhoids; dilation and enlargement of the inferior plexus produce external hemorrhoids that may protrude from the rectum. (See Types... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Anorectal abscess is a localized collection of pus due to inflammation of the soft tissue near the rectum or anus. Inflammation may produce an anal fistula — an abnormal opening in the anal skin — that may communicate with the rectum.
... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... In anorectal stricture, also known as anorectal stenosis or contracture, the anorectal lumen size decreases and stenosis prevents dilation of the sphincter.
Causes
Anorectal stricture results from scarring after... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Differential Overview
❑ Hemorrhoid
❑ Rectal fissure
❑ Prostatitis
❑ Anal fistula
❑ Pruritus ani
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Hemorrhoidal varices are part of the normal anatomy. Dilation and enlargement of the superior plexus of the superior hemorrhoidal veins located above the dentate line produce internal hemorrhoids. Enlargement of the plexus of the inferior hemorrhoidal veins located... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local pain as rectal pain.
Because the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care
of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is
useful first to divide the conditions into extrinsic and
intrinsic.... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
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