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Does the edema pit on pressure? Edema that pits on pressure is more likely to be due to heart, liver, or kidney disease. Edema that does not pit on pressure is more likely due to myxedema or lymphedema.
Is there ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a periorbital or facial rash? The presence of a periorbital or facial rash should suggest contact dermatitis, angioneurotic edema, trichinosis, and herpes zoster. Remember, herpes zoster is usually unilateral.
Is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the edema acute or chronic? Acute edema, if it is localized, should always bring to mind a deep vein thrombophlebitis. It also should bring to mind acute lymphangitis, particularly if there is erythema in the area. Finally, it should ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Periorbital or eyelid edema has many possible etiologies, including mechanical, hemodynamic, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic causes. A careful history and physical examination are necessary to determine whether the problem is localized or generalized, and treatment... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic venous insufficiency affects up to 25% of the general population and is the most common cause of edema or swelling of the lower extremities. Normal venous blood return to the heart requires competent venous valves, intermittent muscle contraction of the legs... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Periorbital edema is frequently reported by parents via telephone. Unless the cause is obvious and benign, an immediate evaluation is warranted.
Differential Diagnosis
Periorbital cellulitis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Edema is defined as the accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid in the cells and tissues of the body and is relatively rare in children. It is usually generalized and dependent (i.e., fluid tends to accumulate in the most dependent areas, such as the lower extremities).... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The mechanism for periorbital and facial edema is similar to that for edema of the extremities. Thus, increased backpressure of the veins will cause periorbital edema in right heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, advanced pulmonary emphysema, and thrombosis or extrinsic
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... Edema of the extremities is a common symptom. Most physicians, therefore, have an immediate working diagnosis when the patient walks into the office: congestive heart failure if the edema is bilateral and deep vein phlebitis if it is unilateral. Many times
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules — a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat glands. ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized fluid imbalance between the... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... 1. Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 6/e. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1997.
2. Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE (eds): Bockus
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... Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Inflammation
Esophageal ulcer
Gastric ulcer*
Duodenal ulcer*
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... Elevated Microvascular Pressure
Cardiogenic
Volume overload (especially when associated with low plasma oncotic pressure)
Neurogenic
Head trauma
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... Oral or Oropharynx
Infections
Candida spp.
HSV
CMV
EBV, oral hairy
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... Localized
Venous or lymphatic obstruction and/or insufficiency
Venous thrombosis
Baker's cyst
Tumor invasion or compression (e
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... Acne vulgaris
Acne rosacea
Pyogenic infection (especially disseminated gonococcal, Pseudomonas, meningococcal)
Viral infection (especially vaccinia, variola)
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... Plague, also known as the black death, is an acute infection caused by the gram-negative, nonmotile, nonsporulating bacillus Yersinia pestis (formerly called Pasteurella pestis).
Plague occurs in several forms. Bubonic... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Anthrax is an acute bacterial infection that most commonly occurs in grazing animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. It can also affect people who come in contact with contaminated animals or their hides, bones, fur, hair, or wool. It's also used as an agent for... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Dyspnea; orthopnea; coughing; tachycardia; tachypnea; crackles; jugular vein distention; diastolic gallop; cyanosis; confusion; frothy, bloody sputum; cold, clammy skin
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... Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the extravascular spaces of the lung. In cardiogenic pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation results from elevations in pulmonary venous and capillary hydrostatic pressures. A common complication of cardiac disorders,... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... The GI tract, also known as the alimentary canal, is a long, hollow, musculomembranous tube consisting of glands and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). (See Reviewing GI anatomy and physiology, page 684, and Histology of the GI tract,... Accurate assessment vital ... Visual assessment ... Auscultation, palpation, and percussion ... Diagnostic tests ... Intubation ... Pictures
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules—a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat glands. (See ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is immediately apparent... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, this type of edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized fluid imbalance... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling—around the eyes, for example—or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it precedes... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic and pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from venous disorders,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Mark B. Stephens
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is responsible for 1% to 2% of all hospital admissions in the United States (1). Bleeding can be either acute or chronic. The source can be upper or lower, overt or occult.... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Laboratory evaluation ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Paul Evans and Michael P. Rowane
Edema is defined as a clinically apparent increase in interstitial fluid volume (1–3). A number of possible factors cause edema.
Approach The diagnostic process begins by determining if edema is ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
Upper GI
❑ Peptic ulcer disease
❑ Gastritis
❑ Mallory-Weiss tear
❑ Esophageal varices ... DIagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Congestive heart failure
❑ Venous insufficiency
❑ Hypoalbuminemia
❑ Drugs
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Vesicles
❑ Herpes simplex
❑ Contact dermatitis
❑ Varicella/zoster
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Plague, also known as the black death, is an acute infection caused by the gram-negative, nonmotile, nonsporulating bacillus Yersinia pestis (formerly called Pasteurella pestis).
Plague occurs in several forms. Bubonic plague, the most common... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Anthrax is an acute bacterial infection that most commonly occurs in grazing animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. It can also affect people who come in contact with contaminated animals or their hides, bones, fur, hair, or wool. It’s also used as an... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... With pulmonary edema, fluid accumulates in the extravascular spaces of the lung. With cardiogenic pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation results from elevations in pulmonary venous and capillary hydrostatic pressures. A common complication of cardiac... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling — around the eyes, for example — or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it precedes onset... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema is immediately apparent. ... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules — visible collections of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat glands. (See ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling — around the eyes, for example — or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from venous disorders,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Can occuranywhere from nose and mouth to anus. Bleeding that occurs proximal to ligamentof Treitz is considered upper tract bleeding, whereas bleeding thatoccurs distal to this ligament is considered lower tract bleeding. Manifestations include hematemesis,... Principal Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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...Generalized edema—excessive accumulationof fluid in interstitial space—is usually obvious first inankles, lower legs, and eyelids. Principal Causes of Edema Disorderswith normal serum albumin Increased capillary ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Table 17.1. Principal Causes of Hydrops Fetalis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... A pustular rash is made up of crops of pustules—a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis, commonly in a hair follicle or sweat pore. These lesions vary greatly in size and shape and can be generalized or localized to the hair follicles or sweat... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A common sign in severely ill patients, generalized edema is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid throughout the body. Its severity varies widely; slight edema may be difficult to detect, especially if the patient is obese, whereas massive edema... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The result of excess interstitial fluid in the arm, arm edema may be unilateral or bilateral and may develop gradually or abruptly. It may be aggravated by immobility and alleviated by arm elevation and exercise.
Arm edema signals a localized fluid imbalance between the vascular... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Facial edema refers to either localized swelling—around the eyes, for example—or more generalized facial swelling that may extend to the neck and upper arms. Occasionally painful, this sign may develop gradually or abruptly. Sometimes it precedes the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Leg edema is a common sign that results when excess interstitial fluid accumulates in one or both legs. It may affect just the foot and ankle or extend to the thigh, and may be slight or dramatic, pitting or nonpitting.
Leg edema may result from... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
The mechanism for periorbital and facial edema is similar to that for
edema of the extremities. Thus, increased backpressure of the veins will
cause periorbital edema in right heart failure, constrictive pericarditis,
advanced... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Edema of the extremities is a common symptom. Most physicians,
therefore, have an immediate working diagnosis when the patient walks into
the office: Congestive heart failure (CHF) if the edema is bilateral and
deep vein phlebitis if it is unilateral. Many times this is... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Andrew P. Steenhoff, MD Anthrax - BASICS Anthrax - description Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, Gram-positive rod that can cause acute infection (anthrax) in humans and animals. Anthrax - general prevention ... Anthrax - DIAGNOSIS ... Anthrax - TREATMENT ... Anthrax - FOLLOW UP ... Anthrax - bibliography ... Anthrax - MISCELLANEOUS ... Anthrax - CODES ... Anthrax - FAQ
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... Lawrence Copelovitch, MDMitchell Schwartz, MD (4th edition) Edema - BASICS Edema - description Presence of abnormal amount of fluid in the extracellular spaces of the body; usually secondary to low albumin, obstruction of venous or... Edema - DIAGNOSIS ... Edema - TREATMENT ... Edema - FOLLOW UP ... Edema - bibliography ... Edema - CODES ... Edema - FAQ
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... Bruce Tempest, MDJonathan Iralu, MD Plague - BASICS Plague - description Plague is a flea transmitted enzootic disease affecting wild rodents. Humans and sometimes their pets can enter this cycle resulting in human plague. ... Plague - DIAGNOSIS ... Plague - TREATMENT ... Plague - FOLLOW UP ... Plague - bibliography ... Plague - CODES ... Plague - FAQ
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