Diagnosis of Asbestos poisoning
Asbestos poisoning Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Asbestos poisoning: Online Medical Books
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Asbestosis:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The patient history reveals occupational, family, or neighborhood exposure to asbestos fibers. Physical examination reveals characteristic dry crackles at lung bases. Chest X-rays show fine, irregular, and linear diffuse infiltrates; extensive fibrosis results in a “honeycomb” or “ground-glass” appearance. X-rays may also show pleural thickening and calcification, with bilateral obliteration of costophrenic angles. In later stages, an enlarged heart with a classic “shaggy” heart border may be evident. Computed tomography scan of the lungs also aids in diagnosis.
Pulmonary function tests show:
❑ Vital capacity, forced vita capacity, and total lung capacity — decreased
❑ Forced expiratory volume in 1 second — decreased or normal
❑ Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity — reduced when fibrosis destroys alveolar walls and thickens alveolocapillary membranes.
Arterial blood gas analysis reveals:
❑ Partial pressure of arterial oxygen — decreased
❑ Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide — low due to hyperventilation.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Poisonous snakebites:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The patient’s history and account of the injury, observation of fang marks, snake identification (when possible), and progressive symptoms of envenomation all point to poisonous snakebite. Laboratory test results help identify the extent of envenomation and provide guidelines for supportive treatment.
Abnormal test results in poisonous snakebites may include:
❑ prolonged bleeding time and partial thromboplastin time
❑ decreased hemoglobin level and hematocrit
❑ sharply decreased platelet count (less than 200,000/mm">3)
❑ urinalysis disclosing hematuria
❑ increased white blood cell count in victims who develop an infection (a snake’s mouth typically contains gram-negative bacteria)
❑ pulmonary edema or emboli as shown on chest X-ray
❑ possibly tachycardia and ectopic heartbeats on the electrocardiogram (usually necessary only in cases of severe envenomation for a patient older than age 40)
❑ possibly abnormal EEG findings in cases of severe envenomation.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Snakebites, poisonous:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
The patient’s history and account of the injury, observation of fang marks, snake identification (when possible), and progressive symptoms of envenomation all point to poisonous snakebite. Laboratory test results help identify the extent of envenomation and provide guidelines for supportive treatment.
Abnormal test results in poisonous snakebites may include the following:
❑ prolonged bleeding time and partial thromboplastin time
❑ decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit values
❑ sharply decreased platelet count (less than 200,000/µl)
❑ urinalysis disclosing hematuria
❑ increased white blood cell count in victims who develop an infection (the mouth of a snake typically contains gram-negative bacteria)
❑ pulmonary edema as shown on chest X-ray
❑ possibly tachycardia and ectopic heartbeats on the electrocardiogram (usually necessary only in cases of severe envenomation for a patient older than age 40)
❑ possibly abnormal EEG findings in cases of severe envenomation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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