Prevalence and Incidence of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus

Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus Prevalence: Book Excerpts

• Causes and incidence - Diabetes insipidus
• Diabetes Insipidus - incidence - Diabetes Insipidus

Prevalence/Incidence of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus.

Diabetes insipidus: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Diabetes insipidus results centrally from intracranial neoplastic or metastatic lesions, hypophysectomy or other neurosurgery, a skull fracture, or head trauma that damages the neurohypophyseal structures. It can also result nephrogenically from infection, granulomatous disease, and vascular lesions; it may be idiopathic and, rarely, familial. (Note: Pituitary diabetes insipidus shouldn’t be confused with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a rare congenital disturbance of water metabolism that results from renal tubular resistance to vasopressin.)

Normally, the hypothalamus synthesizes vasopressin. The posterior pituitary gland (or neurohypophysis) stores vasopressin and releases it into general circulation, where it causes the kidneys to reabsorb water by making the distal tubules and collecting duct cells water-permeable. The absence of vasopressin in diabetes insipidus allows the filtered water to be excreted in the urine instead of being reabsorbed.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves a defect in the parts of the kidneys that reabsorb water back into the bloodstream. It occurs less commonly than central diabetes insipidus. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may occur as an inherited disorder in which male children receive the abnormal gene that causes the disease on the X chromosome from their mothers. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may also be caused by diseases of the kidney (such as polycystic kidney disease) and the effects of certain drugs (such as lithium and amphotericin B).

Diabetes insipidus is rare, affecting 1 in 25,000 people. Males and females are affected equally.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Diabetes Insipidus: Diabetes Insipidus - incidence
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

Because most cases are secondary to another disease, the incidence depends on the primary causes.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Autoimmune Diabetes Insipidus diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.

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