Prevalence and Incidence of Autoimmune Myocarditis

Autoimmune Myocarditis Prevalence: Book Excerpts

• Causes and incidence - Myocarditis
• Causes and incidence - Pericarditis
• Myocarditis - epidemiology - Myocarditis

Prevalence/Incidence of Autoimmune Myocarditis: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Autoimmune Myocarditis.

Myocarditis: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Myocarditis may result from:

❑ bacterial infections — diphtheria; tuberculosis; typhoid fever; tetanus; and staphylococcal, pneumococcal, and gonococcal infections

❑ chemical poisons — such as chronic alcoholism

❑ helminthic infections — such as trichinosis

❑ hypersensitive immune reactions — acute rheumatic fever and postcardiotomy syndrome

❑ parasitic infections — especially South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease) in infants and immunosuppressed adults; also toxoplasmosis

❑ radiation therapy — large doses of radiation to the chest in treating lung or breast cancer

❑ viral infections (most common cause in the United States and western Europe) — coxsackievirus A and B strains and, possibly, poliomyelitis, influenza, rubeola, rubella, and adenoviruses and echoviruses.

Myocarditis occurs in 1 to 10 of every 100,000 people in the United States. The median age for this disorder is 42, and incidence is equal between males and females. Children, especially neonates, and persons who are immunocompromised or pregnant (especially pregnant black women) are at higher risk for developing this disorder.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Pericarditis: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Common causes of this disease include:

❑ bacterial, fungal, or viral infection (infectious pericarditis)

❑ neoplasms (primary or metastatic from lungs, breasts, or other organs)

❑ high-dose radiation to the chest

❑ uremia

❑ hypersensitivity or autoimmune disease, such as acute rheumatic fever (most common cause of pericarditis in children), systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis

❑ postcardiac injury such as myocardial infarction (MI), which later causes an autoimmune reaction (Dressler’s syndrome) in the pericardium; trauma; or surgery that leaves the pericardium intact but causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity

❑ drugs, such as hydralazine or procainamide

❑ idiopathic factors (most common in acute pericarditis).

Less common causes include aortic aneurysm with pericardial leakage, and myxedema with cholesterol deposits in the pericardium.

Pericarditis most commonly affects men ages 20 to 50, but it can also occur in children following infection with an adenovirus or coxsackievirus.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Myocarditis: Myocarditis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

Cardiovascular complications are a rare complication of viral infection, despite their ubiquitous nature.

Myocarditis - incidence

• True incidence of acute myocarditis is difficult to estimate because of the wide range in clinical severity.
• Estimates of the incidence of clinically significant disease in tertiary care facilities have been as high as 0.3% in some case series.
• May account for >15% of cases of sudden infant death syndrome and 60% of cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis - prevalence

More prevalent in the summer months, likely owing to the higher prevalence of enteroviral infections during this season

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Autoimmune Myocarditis usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Autoimmune Myocarditis at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Autoimmune Myocarditis refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Autoimmune Myocarditis diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.

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