Articles » Salmonellosis: DBMD

Salmonellosis: DBMD

Article title: Salmonellosis: DBMD

Conditions: Salmonellosis

Source: DBMD

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Salmonellosis

   

Clinical Features	Fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea (sometimes bloody). Occasionally can establish localized infection (e.g., septic arthritis) or progress to sepsis.
Etiologic Agent	Enterobacteriaceae of the genus Salmonella, a gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli. Approximately 2000 serotypes cause human disease.
Incidence	An estimated 1.4 million cases occur annually in the United States; of these, approximately 40,000 are culture-confirmed cases reported to CDC.
Sequelae	Estimated >500 fatal cases each year; 2% of cases are complicated by chronic arthritis.
Transmission	Contaminated food, water, or contact with infected animals.
Risk Groups	Affects all age groups. Groups at greatest risk for severe or complicated disease include infants, the elderly, and persons with compromised immune systems.
Surveillance	National surveillance is conducted through the Public Health Laboratory Information System (PHLIS) for culture-confirmed cases and through the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS). Active laboratory- and population-based surveillance is conducted in FoodNet sites.
Trends	Half of salmonellosis cases are caused by 2 serotypes: S.Enteritidis (SE) and S. Typhimurium (ST). The proportion of salmonellosis caused by SE has increased markedly during the last two decades; SE is now the second most common cause of salmonellosis after ST. The incidence of ST has remained stable, but an increasing proportion of isolates show resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. An increasing problem of reptile-associated salmonellosis is caused by the growing popularity of pet iguanas.
Challenges	Identifying unrecognized major sources of Salmonella infections. Assuring adequate supply of serotyping reagents; controlling SE infections through changes in the egg industry and education of food service workers and consumers; and developing effective education methods and materials to prevent reptile-associated salmonellosis.
Opportunities	Improving detection of dispersed outbreaks through use of statistical outbreak detection algorithms and providing this capability to state health departments; training state health department personnel in Salmonella serotyping; and encouraging judicious use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine.
	December 2001

 
 
 

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