Treatments for Basilar artery migraine
Treatments for Basilar artery migraine
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Basilar artery migraine
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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Aura:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Migraine
–Avoid triggers (e.g., alcohol, stress, fatigue)
–NSAIDs and/or acetaminophen
–5-HT1 agonists (e.g., sumatriptan) are useful during the
headache phase and ergotamines (e.g., dihydroergotamine) are effective for status migraines; however, neither are effective to relieve aura
-
Epilepsy
–Status epilepticus: Stabilize patient and administer IV benzodiazepines and fosphenytoin
–Antiepileptics if risk for recurrent seizures: Phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate for generalized or partial seizures; ethosuximide or valproate for absence seizures; lamotrigine or valproate for mixed seizures
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Headache:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Tension-type headache: Regular exercise, stress management, tricyclic antidepressants, analgesics
-
Migraine headache: Avoid triggers; serotonin agonists (e.g., sumatriptan), NSAIDs, ergotomines
-
Temporal arteritis: High-dose corticosteroids
-
Meningitis: Search for and treat the primary source (e.g., pneumonia, sinusitis, neoplasm)
–Urgent antimicrobial administration for infections
–Treat inflammatory causes with steroids
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage requires attention to airway, breathing, and circulation, and management of increased intracranial pressure (maintain normal blood pressure; hypertension may cause the aneurysm to rebleed, hypotension may cause cerebral ischemia); administer nimodipine to prevent cerebral vasospasm, seizure prophylaxis with IV phenytoin, surgery
-
Cluster headache: Oxygen inhalation for 5–10 minutes; serotonin agonists, ergotamines, and/or methysergide
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Syncope:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Identify, treat, and/or refer on the basis of underlying cardiac, neurologic, autonomic or other causes
-
Vasovagal episode: Rehydrate, treat possible triggers (e.g., relieve pain)
-
Orthostatic hypotension: Adjust medications, make lifestyle changes (e.g., rise slowly from sitting)
-
Cardiac arrhythmias: Medical management and/or pacemaker placement
-
Myocardial disease/valvular disease: Assess severity, consider medical versus surgical treatment
-
Cerebrovascular disease: Reduce risk factors; consider medical versus surgical treatment
-
Hypoglycemia: Identify underlying cause; adjust medications and diet to prevent further episodes
-
Seizures: Adjust medications to prevent seizures; no driving
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Headache:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Explanation and reassurance alone may provide relief
-
Avoid triggers
–Trauma, sunlight, insomnia, stress, diet, dehydration
-
Symptomatic treatment:
–Acetominophen, NSAIDs, Midrin, Fioricet, Fiorinal
–Selective serotonin-1 receptor agonists
–Dihydroergotamine (DHE); Migranal nasal spray
–Antiemetics
-
Prophylaxis
–NSAIDs, β-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants,
cyproheptadine, calcium channel blockers,
antiepileptic drugs, biofeedback
-
Cluster headaches
–Treated with inhalation of oxygen; sumatriptan
-
Pseudotumor
–Weight reduction, Diamox
–Optic nerve sheath decompression or shunting
>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Umbilicus – Single Umbilical Artery:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
No treatment if anomaly is isolated
-
Treat GI obstruction or urologic anomalies accordingly
-
Many infants with chromosomal anomalies are stillborn or die soon after birth
-
Genetic counseling regarding possible future risk associated with chromosomal anomalies
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Syncope:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Vasovagal syncope
–Educate family and patient to recognize precipitating factors and to avoid hypovolemia
–Have patient lie in a recumbent position until the
symptoms subside
–Reassurance
- If severe, β-blockers can be used for recurrent vasovagal syncope
-
For breath-holding spells, education is also imperative
-
Iron has also been advocated in patients who are found to be iron-deficient
-
Cardiac abnormalities are treated on an individual basis
–Structural lesions will require repair
–Arrhythmias may require medication or pacing
–Prolonged QT is treated with β-blockers, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, or demand cardiac pacing
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Aura:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Syncope:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway and the patient’s safety, and take his vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for medications or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Headache:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Depending on the type of headache, analgesics — ranging from aspirin to codeine or meperidine — may provide symptomatic relief. Other measures include identification and elimination of causative factors and, possibly, psychotherapy for headaches caused by emotional stress. Chronic tension headaches may also require muscle relaxants.
For migraine headaches, ergotamine alone or with caffeine may be an effective treatment. The Food and Drug Administration allows labeling of various analgesic preparations that include caffeine to state that they’re for the treatment of migraine headaches. Remember that these medications can’t be taken by pregnant women because they stimulate uterine contractions. These drugs and others, such as metoclopramide or naproxen, work best when taken early in the course of an attack. If nausea and vomiting make oral administration impossible, drugs may be given as rectal suppositories.
Drugs in the class of sumatriptan are considered by many clinicians to be the drug of choice for acute migraine attacks or cluster headaches. Drugs that can help prevent migraine headaches include antidepressants (such as nortriptyline or fluoxetine), beta blockers (propranolol), and calcium-channel blockers (verapamil). Corticosteroids provide short-term relief for some patients with cluster headaches.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Premenstrual syndrome:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Educating and reassuring patients that PMS is a real physiologic syndrome are important parts of treatment. Because treatment is predominantly symptomatic, each patient must learn to cope with her own individual set of symptoms. Treatment may include calcium and magnesium supplementation, vitamins (such as B complex), prostaglandin inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Diuretics may be prescribed for patients who experience significant weight gain due to fluid retention. Psychiatric medications and therapy may be prescribed for women who develop anxiety, irritability, or depression. Hormonal therapy may include a trial on hormonal contraceptives, which may either decrease or increase PMS symptoms. The use of progesterone vaginal suppositories during the second half of the menstrual cycle is still controversial.
For treatment to be effective, the patient may have to maintain a diet that’s low in simple sugars, caffeine, and salt.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Aura:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Syncope:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway, patient safety, and take vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen any tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for drugs or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Headache:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Depending on the type of headache, treatment interventions range from relaxation techniques, massage, and biofeedback to pharmacologic agents. Tricyclic antidepressants, beta-adrenergic blockers, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed for headache prevention; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), combination NSAIDs with caffeine, ergotamines, and dopamine antagonists may be used for abortive measures. Narcotic agents are generally avoided or may be limited to twice weekly.
Abortive therapy using the synthetic form of serotonin (sumatriptan) is available in an oral form and as a nasal spray and can easily be carried for immediate use.
Other measures include identification and elimination of causative factors, stressors, or stimuli that might trigger an attack such as in the migraine-type headache. Diet history and examination of lifestyle patterns may help identify causative agents.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Premenstrual syndrome:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Education and reassurance that PMS is a real physiologic syndrome are important parts of treatment. Because treatment is predominantly symptomatic, each patient must learn to cope with her specific symptoms.
Treatment may include antidepressants (particularly a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), prostaglandin inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For effective treatment, the patient may have to maintain a diet that’s low in simple sugars, caffeine, alcohol, and salt.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Syncope:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs closely. Prepare the patient for an electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, and carotid duplex, carotid Doppler, and electrophysiology studies.
Patient teaching
Advise the patient to pace his activities, to rise slowly from a recumbent position, to avoid standing still for a prolonged time, and to sit or lie down as soon as he feels faint.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Aura:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
When an aura rapidly progresses to the ictal phase of a seizure, quickly evaluate the seizure and be alert for life-threatening complications such as apnea. When an aura heralds a classic migraine, make the patient as comfortable as possible. Place him in a dark, quiet room and administer drugs to prevent the headache, if necessary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Headache:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Teach the patient and his family or caregiver how to recognize signs of reduced LOC and seizures. Discuss ways to maintain a safe, quiet environment and reduce environmental stress, if indicated. Discuss the use of analgesics to ease the headache.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Syncope:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If you see a patient faint, ensure a patent airway, patient safety, and take vital signs. Then place the patient in a supine position, elevate his legs, and loosen any tight clothing. Be alert for tachycardia, bradycardia, or an irregular pulse. Meanwhile, place him on a cardiac monitor to detect arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia appears, give oxygen and insert an I.V. line for drugs or fluids. Be ready to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardioversion, defibrillation, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker may be required.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Aura:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Advise the patient to keep a diary of factors that precipitate each headache or seizure as well as associated symptoms to help you evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy and recommend lifestyle changes.
Patient teaching
▪ Teach the patient stress-reduction measures.
▪ If the patient recognizes the aura as a warning sign, tell him to prevent the headache by taking appropriate medications.
▪ Explain diagnostic tests or procedures.
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.
▪ If the patient has a seizure disorder, emphasize the importance of taking anticonvulsants as directed.
▪ Stress the importance of regular follow-up appointments for blood studies.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Headache:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient's vital signs and LOC.
▪ Watch for a change in the headache's severity or location.
▪ To help ease the headache, administer an analgesic, darken the patient's room, and minimize other stimuli.
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, such as skull X-rays, a computed to-mography scan, lumbar puncture, or cerebral arteriography.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain all procedures and treatments to the patient.
▪ Discuss the signs of reduced LOC and seizures that the patient or his caregivers should report.
▪ Explain ways to maintain a safe, quiet environment and reduce environmental stress.
▪ Discuss the proper use of analgesics.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Syncope:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Monitor the patient's vital signs closely.
▪ Prepare him for an electrocardiogram and Holter monitor, carotid duplex, carotid Doppler, and electrophysiology studies.
▪ Take measures to provide for patient safety.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.
▪ Encourage the patient to pace his activities.
▪ Teach the patient measures to take if he feels faint.
▪ Tell the patient to rise slowly from a lying or sitting to a standing position.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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