Cyanosis*
Cyanosis*: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Central Cyanosis
Arterial desaturation
Decreased inspired oxygen tension
Pulmonary disease
Alveolar hypoventilation
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
Impaired oxygen diffusion
Anatomic (right-to-left) shunt
Congenital heart disease
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas
Other intrapulmonary shunts
Hemoglobin abnormalities
Methemoglobinemia
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Hemoglobin with low affinity for oxygen (e.g., hemoglobin Kansas)
Pseudocyanosis
Polycythemia vera
Argyria
Hemochromatosis
Peripheral Cyanosis
Reduced cardiac output
Cold exposure (including Raynaud's phenomenon)
Arterial obstruction
Venous stasis and/or obstruction
References
1. Braunwald E: Cyanosis, Hypoxia, and Polycythemia, pp. 205–210. See Bibliography, 3.
2. Guenter CA: Respiratory Function of the Lungs and Blood, 179–180. See Bibliography, 7.
*Indicates ≥5 gm of unsaturated hemoglobin or ≥1.5 gm of methemoglobin present.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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