TREATMENTS &
RESEARCH

Search the
latest
treatment
information
here.

Dr. Huntley's
Diagnosis
Checklist

Have a symptom?
See what questions
a doctor would ask.

Next Prev

Diseases » Bornholm disease » Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Bornholm disease

Bornholm disease Diagnosis: Book Excerpts

Differential Diagnosis - Myalgia

Diagnostic Tests for Bornholm disease: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about diagnostis of Bornholm disease.

Myalgia: Differential Diagnosis
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

Acute muscle overuse/excessive physical exertion
–Usually due to exercising poorly conditioned muscles
Systemic febrile illness (e.g., influenza)
Drugs/medications (e.g., statins)
Electrolyte disturbances
–Especially abnormalities of potassium, calcium, or magnesium
Chronic overuse syndromes
–Frequently related to occupational or vocational activities
Myopathies
–Metabolic: Usually result in muscle pain related to exercise
–Dystrophies (e.g., mitochondrial myopathies)
–Inflammatory (e.g., polymyositis, dermatomyositis)
–Toxic (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, statins)
–Infectious muscle disease (viral, bacterial, parasitic)
- Trauma
- Muscle ischemia (e.g., claudication in patients with peripheral vascular disease)
- Rheumatologic disorders
  –Polymyalgia rheumatica: Especially pain around the shoulders, back, and hips
  –Fibromyalgia: Diffuse muscle and soft tissue pain with many areas of point tenderness; regionally restricted areas of pain may be referred to as myofascial pain
- Endocrine disturbances
  –Thyroid disease
  –Parathyroid disease
  –Adrenal disease
  –Diabetes mellitus (muscle infarcts)
- Muscle pain must also be differentiated from pain of associated or nearby structures (e.g., tendons, ligaments, bone, connective tissue)
- Rhabdomyolysis
Workup and Diagnosis
- History and physical examination
  –History should focus on the temporal events surrounding the occurrence of myalgias (e.g., post-exercise, new vocational or avocational activities, onset of pain coinciding with initiation of new medications)
  –Focal versus generalized
  –Note abnormal urine (e.g., myoglobinuria causes tea-colored urine in rhabdomyolysis)
  –Physical exam should be directed at determining whether muscular weakness and features of systemic illness are present
- Labs may include electrolytes (including calcium), BUN/ creatinine, glucose, creatine kinase, aldolase, creatinine, urinalysis, myoglobin, thyroid function tests, ESR, and CBC
- Electromyography may be helpful in identifying evidence of myopathy
- Imaging (usually MRI) may be necessary, especially in suspected focal muscle pathology
- Muscle biopsy may be useful in the evaluation of suspected inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, or metabolic myopathies