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Is there fever? If there is fever, one should look for yellow fever, diphtheria, cerebral abscess, or meningitis. Perhaps the fever is related to increased intracranial pressure from apoplexy.
Are there episodes of syncope? The ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Could the murmur be extracardiac in origin? Extracardiac murmurs include the pericardial friction rub and cardiorespiratory murmurs.
Is the murmur continuous? A continuous murmur is most often due to ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Bradycardia is defined as heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute. It is a common finding that often does not require treatment in the absence of symptoms.
Differential Diagnosis
Sinus bradycardia
–Heart rate ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diastolic heart murmurs are never normal and should always be further evaluated, in contrast to systolic murmurs, which are commonly benign or due to rapid flow rates. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g. early, middle, or late) will help determine the etiology,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Systolic heart murmurs, in contrast to diastolic murmurs, may be normal or abnormal, although when coupled with a heave they are always abnormal. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g., early, middle, or late) will help determine the etiology, as will the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Bradycardia is a slow pulse (<90 in infants and <60 in children and adolescents). Causes range from the benign (athletic heart) to the life threatening (sepsis, severe heart block). Assessing the child's ABCs is the first priority.
Differential Diagnosis '>>... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears on position, inspiration, or exercise it is likely to be
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... Bradycardia (a heart rate below 60 beats/min) is not infrequently found during a routine physical examination. Visualizing the conduction system of the heart recalls the sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular (A-V) nodal rhythm, or A-V block, but,
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... An absent or a weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that’s normally present and strong may indicate acute... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than 10 mm Hg. (See ... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It's also a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing, vomiting, or straining during defecation. When... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Systolic
Early systolic
Physiologic (innocent)
Small ventricular septal defect
Large ventricular septal defect with pulmonary
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... An absent or weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that’s normally present and strong may indicate acute... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than 10 mm Hg. (See Identifying pulse waveforms, page 650.) When... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing, vomiting, or straining during defecation. When... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Paul C. Riggle and Richard W. Harper
Bradycardia, which is defined as a heart rate below 60 beats/minute, results from abnormalities in impulse formation or failure of atrioventricular (AV) conduction. As with all arrhythmias, the... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... David E. Anisman and Gerald F. Farnell
A diastolic murmur is a finding that provides a clue to an underlying disease process. Unlike their systolic counterparts (Chapter 7.7), diastolic murmurs almost always indicate underlying heart... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Dale Bishop
Systolic murmurs can herald significant clinical deterioration and sudden death, or they can represent stable or clinically insignificant conditions. Although technologic advances in cardiac diagnostic testing continue, auscultation... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Sinus Bradycardia
❑ Hypothyroidism
❑ Hypervagotonia
❑ Hypersensitive carotid sinus
❑ Hypothermia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic regurgitation
❑ Pulmonic regurgitation
❑ Mitral stenosis
❑ Tricuspid stenosis
❑ Atrial septal defect ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Systolic ejection murmur
❑ Mitral regurgitation
❑ Mitral valve prolapse
❑ Aortic stenosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic stenosis/aortic insufficiency
❑ Pericardial friction rub
❑ Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing, vomiting, or straining during defecation.... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than 10 mm Hg. (See Comparing arterial pressure waves, pages 246 and 247.) When... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An absent or weak pulse may be generalized or may affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that’s normally present and strong... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality. (See Classifying murmurs.) ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the patient, who... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than 10 mm Hg. (See Comparing arterial pressure... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It’s also a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing, vomiting, or straining... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Normal murmursare due to turbulence of normal blood flow. A normal murmur does not result insymptoms. Cardiovascular exam, chest radiograph, and ECG are normal.Other terms used to signify a normal murmur are benign, insignificant,or... Principal Causes of Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... An absent or a weak pulse may be generalized or affect only one extremity. When generalized, this sign is an important indicator of such life-threatening conditions as shock and arrhythmia. Localized loss or weakness of a pulse that's normally present and strong... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They're classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can be characterized as systolic (between S1... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Pulsus paradoxus, or paradoxical pulse, is an exaggerated decline in blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, systolic pressure falls less than 10 mm Hg during inspiration. In pulsus paradoxus, it falls more than 10 mm Hg. (See Comparing arterial pressure... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Bradycardia refers to a heart rate of less than 60 beats/minute. It occurs normally in young adults, trained athletes, and elderly people as well as during sleep. It's a normal response to vagal stimulation caused by coughing, vomiting, or straining... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine
whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade
systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears
on position, inspiration, or... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Bradycardia (a heart rate below 60 beats per minute) is not
infrequently found during a routine physical examination. Visualizing the
conduction system of the heart recalls the sick sinus syndrome,
atrioventricular (A-V) nodal rhythm, or A-V block but,... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Has your heart ever skipped a beat or starting beating too fast? You may have experienced an arrhythmia. Tune in now to learn more.
A person with atrial fibrillation has two options; they can remain in atrial fibrillation or restore sinus rhythm. Learn the factors that may have an...
A pacemaker is a battery-powered device that sends signals to the heart to help it beat properly. Tune in to find out more about these life-saving...