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Causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome
List of causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome) that could possibly cause Brown-Sequard Syndrome includes:
- Spinal cord tumor
- Spinal cord trauma
- Degenerative disease
- Ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel)
- Meningitis
- Shingles
- Tuberculosis
- Multiple sclerosis
Causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review the full text of medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome.
Analgesia:
Medical causes
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
❑ Anterior cord syndrome. With anterior cord syndrome, analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally below the level of the lesion, along with flaccid paralysis and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes.
❑ Central cord syndrome. Typically, analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally in several dermatomes, in many cases extending in a capelike fashion over the arms, back, and shoulders. Early weakness in the hands progresses to weakness and muscle spasms in the arms and shoulder girdle. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and spastic weakness of the legs may develop. However, if the lesion affects the lumbar spine, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes and flaccid weakness may persist in the legs.
With brain stem involvement, additional findings include facial analgesia and thermanesthesia, vertigo, nystagmus, atrophy of the tongue, and dysarthria. The patient may also have dysphagia, urine retention, anhidrosis, decreased intestinal motility, and hyperkeratosis.
❑ Spinal cord hemisection. Contralateral analgesia and thermanesthesia occur below the level of the lesion. In addition, loss of proprioception, spastic paralysis, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes develop ipsilaterally. The patient may also experience urine retention with overflow incontinence.
Other causes
❑ Drugs. Analgesia may occur with use of a topical or local anesthetic, although numbness and tingling are more common.
Analgesia:
Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Anterior cord syndrome
In anterior cord syndrome, analgesia and thermoanesthesia occur bilaterally below the level of the lesion along with flaccid paralysis and hypoactive DTRs.
Central cord syndrome
In central cord syndrome, analgesia and thermoanesthesia typically occur bilaterally in several dermatomes and may extend in a capelike fashion over the arms, back, and shoulders. Early weakness in the hands progresses to weakness and muscle spasms in the arms and shoulder girdle. Hyperactive DTRs and spastic weakness of the legs may develop. However, if the lesion affects the lumbar spine, hypoactive DTRs and flaccid weakness may persist in the legs.
With brain stem involvement, additional findings include facial analgesia and thermoanesthesia, vertigo, nystagmus, atrophy of the tongue, and dysarthria. The patient may also have anhidrosis, dysphagia, urine retention, decreased intestinal motility, and hyperkeratosis.
Spinal cord hemisection
Contralateral analgesia and thermoanesthesia occur below the level of the lesion. In addition, loss of proprioception, spastic paralysis, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes develop ipsilaterally. The patient may also experience urine retention with overflow incontinence.
Other causes
Drugs
Analgesia may occur with use of a topical or local anesthetic, although numbness and tingling are more common.
Analgesia:
Medical causes
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Anterior cord syndrome
Analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally below the level of the lesion, along with flaccid paralysis and hypoactive DTRs.Central cord syndrome
Analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally in several dermatomes, in many cases extending in a capelike fashion over the arms, back, and shoulders. Early weakness in the hands is evident and progresses to weakness and muscle spasms in the arms and shoulder girdle. Hyperactive DTRs and spastic weakness of the legs may develop. (If hypoactive, DTRs and flaccid weakness persist in the legs, a lesion in the lumbar spine may be suspected.)With brain stem involvement, additional findings include facial analgesia and thermanesthesia, vertigo, nystagmus, atrophy of the tongue, dysarthria, dysphagia, urine retention, anhidrosis, decreased intestinal motility, and hyperkeratosis.
Spinal cord hemisection
Contralateral analgesia and thermanesthesia occur below the level of the lesion. In addition, loss of proprioception, spastic paralysis, and hyperactive DTRs develop ipsilaterally. Urine retention with overflow incontinence may be present.Other causes
Drugs
Analgesia may occur with the use of a topical or local anesthetic, although numbness and tingling are more common.Analgesia:
Medical causes
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
Anterior cord syndrome.With anterior cord syndrome, analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally below the level of the lesion, along with flaccid paralysis and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes.
Central cord syndrome.Typically, analgesia and thermanesthesia occur bilaterally in several dermatomes, in many cases extending in a capelike fashion over the arms, back, and shoulders. Early weakness in the hands progresses to weakness and muscle spasms in the arms and shoulder girdle. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and spastic weakness of the legs may develop. If the lesion affects the lumbar spine, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes and flaccid weakness may persist in the legs.
With brain stem involvement, additional findings include facial analgesia and thermanesthesia, vertigo, nystagmus, atrophy of the tongue, and dysarthria. The patient may also have dysphagia, urine retention, anhidrosis, decreased intestinal motility, and hyperkeratosis.
Spinal cord hemisection.Contralateral analgesia and thermanesthesia occur below the level of the lesion. In addition, loss of proprioception, spastic paralysis, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes develop ipsilaterally. The patient may also experience urine retention with overflow incontinence.
Other causes
Drugs.Analgesia may occur with use of a topical or local anesthetic, although numbness and tingling are more common.
Related information on causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome:
As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Brown-Sequard Syndrome may be found in:
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