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Diagnosis of superficial candidiasis depends on clinical signs and symptoms plus evidence of Candida on a Gram stain of skin, vaginal scrapings, pus, or sputum or on skin scrapings prepared in potassium hydroxide solution. Systemic infections require obtaining a specimen for blood or tissue culture.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Laboratory findings usually show a normal circulating T-cell count, although it may be decreased. Skin tests don’t usually show delayed hypersensitivity to Candida, even during the infectious stage. Migration inhibiting factor that indicates the presence of activated T cells may not respond to Candida.
Nonimmunologic abnormalities resulting from endocrinopathy may include hypocalcemia, abnormal hepatic function studies, hyperglycemia, iron deficiency, and abnormal vitamin B12 absorption (pernicious anemia). Diagnosis must rule out other immunodeficiency disorders associated with chronic Candida infection, especially DiGeorge syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency disease, all of which produce severe immunologic defects. After diagnosis, the patient needs evaluation of adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, gonadal, pancreatic, and parathyroid function as well as careful follow-up. The disease is progressive, and most patients eventually develop endocrinopathy.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Identification of superficial candidiasis depends on evidence of Candida on a Gram stain of skin, vaginal scrapings, pus, or sputum or on skin scrapings. For systemic infections, a sample must be obtained for blood or tissue culture.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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