For details see prevalence of types of Candidiasis analysis; summary of available prevalence data:
For details see incidence of types of Candidiasis analysis; summary of available incidence by type data:
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Most cases of Candida infection result from C. albicans. Other infective strains include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. guillermondii. These fungi are part of the normal flora of the GI tract, mouth, vagina, and skin. They cause infection when some change in the body (rising glucose levels from diabetes mellitus; lowered resistance from an immunosuppressive drug, radiation, aging, or a disease, such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) permits their sudden proliferation or when they're introduced systemically by I.V. or urinary cath-eters, drug abuse, hyperalimentation, or surgery. However, the most common predisposing factor remains the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which decrease the number of normal flora and permit an increasing number of candidal organisms to proliferate. The of a mother with vaginal candidiasis can contract oral thrush while passing through the birth canal. Thrush is also found in many infants who are breast-fed. The incidence of candidiasis is rising because of wider use of I.V. therapy and a greater number of immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV infection.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
No characteristic immunologic defects have been identified in this infection, but many patients have a diminished response to various antigens or to Candida alone. In some patients, anergy may result from deficient migration inhibition factor, a mediator normally produced by lymphocytes.
Candida species infections are the most common causes of fungal infections among patients who are immunocompromised. About 3 of every 4 females have at least one bout of vulvovaginal candidiasis during their lifetimes. In individuals who are HIV-positive, more than 90% experience oropharyngeal candidiasis and 10% have at least one episode of esophageal candidiasis.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Although C. albicans was once the dominant species in invasive candidiasis, non-albicans Candida species are rapidly emerging as significant pathogens.
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
The term 'prevalence' of Candidiasis usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Candidiasis at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Candidiasis refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Candidiasis diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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