Glossary for Cephalic disorders

• Anencephaly: A birth defect where most or all of the brain is missing - most die before birth. Usually the associated portions of skull and other tissue are also missing.
• Brain conditions: Medical conditions that affect the brain
• Colpocephaly: A rare brain malformation that is present at birth. The cavities present at the back of the brain are larger than normal as the brain tissue has failed to develop normally to fill some of the space. Severity of symptoms are variable depending on the degree of abnormality.
• Holoprosencephaly: A rare disorder where abnormalities of the fetal forebrain development lead to various birth defects.
• Hydranencephaly: A very rare condition where fluid replaces a portion of the brain.
• Iniencephaly: A rare type of neural tube defect where the head is positioned in a backward bent angle and the spine is malformed.
• Lissencephaly: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain formation so that the brain surface appears smooth rather than convoluted.
• Neural tube defect: Any defect that occurs to the neural tube
• Porencephaly: A central nervous system disorder involving cysts in the brain cortex caused by stroke, infection or genetic anomaly.
• Spina bifida: A birth defect where the spinal vertebrae do not completely enclose the spinal cord often resulting in various degrees of nerve damage.

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