Cerebrovascular Disease
Cerebrovascular Disease: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Thrombosis or Vascular Occlusion, or Both
Thrombosis, atherosclerotic
Hypotension in presence of atherosclerotic carotid disease (e.g., hypovolemia, Stokes-Adams attack, myocardial infarction)
Vasculitis (especially arteritis)
Infectious
Subacute bacterial meningitis
Meningovascular syphilis
Tuberculous meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Protozoan and parasitic meningitis (e.g., malaria, trichinosis, schistosomiasis)
HIV–related
Noninfectious
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polyarteritis nodosa
Sjögren's syndrome
Necrotizing arteritis
Granulomatous arteritis (e.g., Wegener's)
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Temporal arteritis
Takayasu's disease
Behçet's syndrome
Cerebral thrombophlebitis and/or venous sinus thrombosis (usually associated with infection of ear, sinus, face, or meninges)
Oral contraceptives
Hematologic disorders
Sickle cell disease
Factor C or S deficiency
Polycythemia vera
TTP
Thrombocytosis
Hyperproteinemic or hyperviscosity states
Hypercoagulable state
Antiphospholipid antibodies
Diffuse intravascular coagulation
Carotid artery trauma
Radiation
Closed head trauma
Eclampsia
Postarteriographic
Cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine use
Dissecting aneurysm of carotid artery (e.g., secondary to cystic medial necrosis or dissecting aortic aneurysm)
Pressure secondary to intracerebral hematoma
Migraine syndrome
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Fabry's disease
Homocystinuria
Moyamoya disease
Binswanger's disease
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS)
Embolism
Atrial arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation—usually with rheumatic valvular or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
Rheumatic and other valvular heart disease, especially mitral stenosis (with or without atrial fibrillation)
Myocardial infarction with mural thrombus
Cardiac surgery, complications of (e.g., air, platelet, fat, silicone embolism)
Prosthetic heart valve
Cardiomyopathy
Endocarditis
Bacterial
Nonbacterial (e.g., associated with carcinomatosis or systemic lupus erythematosus)
Congenital heart disease
Atherosclerotic embolism from other arteries
Aorta or carotid arteries (e.g., secondary to carotid massage or arteriography)
Vertebral or basilar arteries
Pulmonary vein thrombosis (especially septic or tumor emboli)
Fat embolism
Tumor embolism
Air embolism
Venous thromboembolism with cardiac or pulmonary right-to-left shunt (paradoxic embolism)
Atrial myxoma
Trichinosis
Hemorrhage
Hypertension (including hypertensive encephalopathy)
Aneurysm (ruptured or unruptured)
Saccular (“berry”)
Fusiform (atherosclerotic)
Mycotic
Arteriovenous malformation, ruptured or unruptured
Hemorrhagic disorders (e.g., thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, coagulopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anticoagulant therapy)
Intracranial trauma (e.g., acute extradural or subdural hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage)
Hemorrhage into tumor
Hemorrhagic infarction
Connective-tissue disease (especially lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis nodosa)
References
1. Cerebrovascular Disease, p. 669. See Bibliography, 1.
2. Yatsee PM: Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes, p. 257. See Bibliography, 3.
Book Source Details
- Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
- Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
- Year of Publication: 1999
- Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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