Prevalence and Incidence of Cervical Cancer

Prevalence/Incidence of Cervical Cancer: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Although the cause is unknown, several predisposing factors have been related to the development of cervical cancer: frequent intercourse at a young age (younger than age 16), multiple sexual partners, multiple pregnancies, exposure to sexually transmitted diseases (particularly genital human papillomavirus), and smoking.

In almost all cases of cervical cancer (95%), the histologic type is squamous cell cancer, which varies from well-differentiated cells to highly anaplastic spindle cells. Only 5% are adenocarcinomas. Usually, invasive cancer occurs between ages 30 and 50; rarely, in patients younger than age 20.

In 2000, 12,800 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer and there were 4,600 deaths from this disease.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Malignant spinal neoplasms: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Primary tumors of the spinal cord may be extramedullary (occurring outside the spinal cord) or intramedullary (occurring within the cord itself). Extramedullary tumors may be intradural (meningiomas and schwannomas), which account for 60% of all primary malignant spinal cord neoplasms, or extradural (metastatic tumors from breasts, lungs, prostate, leukemia, or lymphomas), which account for 25% of these malignant neoplasms.

Intramedullary tumors, or gliomas (astrocytomas or ependymomas), are comparatively rare, accounting for only about 10%. In children, they're low-grade astrocytomas.

Spinal cord tumors are rare compared with intracranial tumors (ratio of 1:4). They occur equally in men and women, with the exception of meningiomas, which occur mostly in women. Spinal cord tumors can occur anywhere along the length of the cord or its roots.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Uterine cancer: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Uterine cancer seems linked to several predisposing factors:

❑abnormal uterine bleeding

❑diabetes

❑familial tendency

❑history of uterine polyps or endometrial hyperplasia

❑hypertension

❑low fertility index and anovulation

❑nulliparity

❑obesity

❑uninterrupted estrogen stimulation.

In most cases, uterine cancer is an adenocarcinoma that metastasizes late, usually from the endometrium to the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other peritoneal structures. It may spread to distant organs, such as the lungs and the brain, through the blood or the lymphatic system. Lymph node involvement can also occur. Less common are adenoacanthoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, mixed mesodermal tumors (including carcinosarcoma), and leiomyosarcoma.

Uterine cancer usually affects postmenopausal women between ages 50 and 60; it's uncommon between ages 30 and 40 and extremely rare before age 30. Most premenopausal women who develop uterine cancer have a history of anovulatory menstrual cycles or other hormonal imbalance. About 37,000 new cases of uterine cancer are reported annually, with approximately 6,400 deaths predicted for 1999.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Cervicitis: Cervicitis - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

The true incidence of mucopurulent cervicitis is unknown, but the primary causes (gonorrhea/chlamydia) are more common in adolescents and young adults than any other age group. Because many patients are asymptomatic and the interpretation and presence of the clinical signs is quite variable, many cases go undiagnosed.

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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008

About prevalence and incidence statistics:

The term 'prevalence' of Cervical Cancer usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Cervical Cancer at any given time. The term 'incidence' of Cervical Cancer refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Cervical Cancer diagnosed each year. Hence, these two statistics types can differ: a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence, but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence. For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.