6,000,000 per year,
499,999 per month,
115,384 per week,
16,438 per day,
684 per hour,
11 per minute,
0 per second.
[Source statistic for calculation: "6 million cases annually (unreliable estimate)" -- see also general information about data sources]
All statistics for Chest pain
Prevalence/Incidence of Chest pain: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Chest pain.
Chest Pain - Case 14-1: 17-Year-Old Boy:
III. Incidence and epidemiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
SLE is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder that can manifest in children and
adolescents. Determining the incidence of SLE in children is difficult with
minimal data. However, national registries in Canada and Finland have suggested
a mean annual incidence of 0.36 per 100,000 and 0.37 per 100,000 population,
respectively. Studies in the United States have suggested an annual incidence
of 0.53 to 0.60 per 100,000 population.
SLE rarely develops before the age of 5 years and most often has its onset
during adolescence. Girls are more commonly affected than boys, with a ratio of
approximately 5:1. There is a suggestion of a higher incidence in
African-Americans, followed by Hispanic children and adolescents.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain - Case 14-2: 15-Year-Old Boy:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
M. tuberculosis infections are the most frequent cause of deaths worldwide from a single
infectious organism. Approximately one third of the world
's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis. Usually, infection occurs through inhalation of droplet nuclei and causes
pulmonary infections. The HIV epidemic has significantly increased the
infection rate worldwide.
Pericarditis may result from infectious or noninfectious causes (Table 14-4).
Pericarditis, an uncommon complication of tuberculosis infection, can be fatal
even with proper diagnosis and treatment. Tuberculous pericarditis occurs by
extension of an adjacent focus of infection, such as mediastinal or hilar
nodes, lung, spine, or sternum. It occurs less commonly in association with
miliary tuberculosis.
Tuberculous pericarditis is believed to occur in 0.4% to 4% of children with
tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis varies by geographic region. Its
relationship to HIV disease is well known. In many African countries where
tuberculosis and HIV are endemic, pericarditis in an HIV-positive patient is
considered to be tuberculosis until proved otherwise.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain - Case 14-3: 20-Year-Old Boy:
III. Incidence, Epidemiology, and Etiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family. It is a relatively common infectious
organism, causing a clinical syndrome of infectious mononucleosis. This
syndrome is most frequently seen in adolescents and young adults. Males and
females are affected equally, and 90% to 95% of all adults have evidence of
past EBV infection. EBV is believed to have low contagiousness, and
transmission generally requires intimate contact between individuals. For this
reason, infectious mononucleosis has been termed,
“the kissing disease.”
The classic clinical syndrome consists of fever, sore throat, and adenopathy
developing after an incubation period of 3 to 7 weeks. Most cases of EBV
infection are self-limited, although rare complications are seen. These
complications can be multisystemic and include hematologic, hepatorenal,
splenic, dermatologic, immunologic, and cardiopulmonary symptoms.
Myocarditis in EBV infection is rare, with an incidence ranging from 0% to 6%.
Viruses are the most common etiologic agents causing myocarditis. Aside from
EBV, they include enterovirus (e.g., coxsackie B), adenovirus, cytomegalovirus,
herpesvirus, influenza A, varicella, mumps, measles, parvovirus, respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV), and HIV. Less commonly, other nonviral infectious
agents, such as rickettsiae, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and yeasts, are
responsible. Also rare are noninfectious causes such as drugs, hypersensitivity
reactions, autoimmune diseases, Kawasaki disease, and sarcoidosis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain - Case 14-4: 17-Year-Old Boy:
III. Incidence, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Pneumothoraces are divided into three groups: spontaneous, traumatic, and
iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothoraces can be either primary, in which there is
no underlying lung disease, or secondary, in which underlying lung pathology is
present. The incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax ranges between 7.4
and 18 cases per 100,000 males and between 1.2 and 6 cases per 100,000 females.
It is most common in tall, thin males between 10 and 30 years of age. Cigarette
smoking increases the risk of developing a primary spontaneous pneumothorax in
a dose-dependent fashion.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in patients with underlying lung
disease. The major causes include airways disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis),
infection (e.g.,
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), interstitial lung disease, connective tissue disease, malignancy,
and thoracic endometriosis. The incidence of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
is 6.3 cases per 100,000 males and 2 cases per 100,000 females. Secondary
spontaneous pneumothoraces have a later peak incidence, at 60 to 65 years of
age.
Subpleural bullae are seen in 76% to 100% of children who are taken to
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. There is some speculation as to the
mechanism of bullae formation. It is likely that elastic fibers are degraded in
the lung, which ultimately leads to an imbalance in the protease/antiprotease
system and the development of bullae. A pneumothorax then develops as alveolar
pressure increases and air subsequently leaks into the interstitium.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain - Case 14-5: 3-Year-Old Girl:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
In children younger than 5 years of age, the yearly incidence of
community-acquired pneumonia is 34 to 40/1,000; in adolescents, the incidence
is 7/1,000. It is fairly difficult to develop a consensus definition of a case
of pneumonia. Some define it based on an abnormal chest roentgenogram, whereas
others will require only the presence of clinical symptoms.
A large number of organisms can cause community-acquired pneumonia in children.
The most common etiologic agents are viruses (RSV, influenza A and B,
parainfluenza, adenovirus, and rhinovirus),
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia spp. (Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae), and bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus
influenzae
type b, and nontypeable H. influenzae). Less common causes are other viruses (varicella, enteroviruses,
cytomegalovirus, EBV),
Chlamydia psittaci, less common bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes, anaerobic mouth flora, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Legionella), and fungi (Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Blastomyces dermatitidis.)
Often, the difficulty lies in differentiating a bacterial from a nonbacterial
pneumonia. Classically, lobar infiltrates, cavitary lesions, and large pleural
effusions suggest either a bacterial or a mycobacterial etiology. Viral
pneumonias typically show diffuse radiologic involvement, but focal infiltrates
can be seen. Laboratory data have been used in an attempt to differentiate
viral from bacterial pneumonia, with C-reactive protein and WBC counts more
significantly elevated in bacterial pneumonias. Ultimately, when attempting to
determine the etiologic agent for pneumonia, one must determine the underlying
immunologic function of the patient. Certainly, immunocompromised patients are
susceptible to a whole host of other infectious etiologies that are often
life-threatening.
One must also consider that some noninfectious processes can cause a similar
clinical picture. These include gastroesophageal reflux, chemical aspiration,
asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and pulmonary hemosiderosis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain - Case 14-6: 15-Year-Old Boy:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
By definition, cardiomyopathy is a structural or functional abnormality of the
ventricular myocardium that does not involve coronary artery disease,
hypertension, or valvular or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy in
children can be divided into primary and secondary forms. Primary
cardiomyopathies are either dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, or
arrhythmogenic. Secondary cardiomyopathies have multiple causes, including
infection, metabolic disorders, general systemic diseases, hereditary forms,
and toxic reactions.
This patient presented with a dilated cardiomyopathy of no definitive cause.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of 36.5 cases per 100,000
persons and accounts for 50% of the total cases of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy has survival rates of 63% to 90% at 1 year and 20% to
80% at 5 years.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Chest Pain:
Chest Pain - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
Chest Pain - incidence
6/1,000 children who present to an urban emergency department complain of chest pain.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Chest pain usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Chest pain at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Chest pain refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Chest pain diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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