Glossary for Cirrhosis of the liver

• Abdominal swelling: Swelling or bloating of the abdomen
• Alcoholic liver disease: Alcoholic liver disease is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, (in Asian countries, viral hepatitis is the major cause). It arises from the excessive ingestion of alcohol.
• Alcoholism: Alcoholism is the compulsive urge to drink alcohol despite knowing the negative impact on one's health.
• Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: A rare disorder characterized by the development of lung disease in adults and liver disease in adults and children.
• Alveolar Hydatid Disease: Rare multi-organ tapeworm infection caught from animals.
• Anemia: Reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen from various possible causes.
• Anemia, Blackfan Diamond: Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic condition where the bone marrow is unable to make sufficient red blood cells which leads low levels of red blood cells. There are eight subtypes of the condition which differ in the location of the genetic defect and the incidence of additional symptoms such as malformations. The severity of symptoms is variable but most cases are serious.
• Ascites: Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity
• Autoimmune Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused due to autoimmune processes where the body's immune system attacks the liver.
• Banti's syndrome: A rare condition where chronic congestive spleen enlargement causes it to destroy red blood cells too early. The spleen becomes enlarged due to an obstruction of blood flow in the organ and the resulting increase in blood pressure.
• Biliary Atresia: A rare condition that can affect newborns where the bile duct that carries the bile from the liver to the small intestine is blocked or missing.
• Bleeding symptoms: Any type of bleeding symptoms.
• Bruising: Bleeding under skin leading to discoloration.
• Budd-Chiari syndrome: Budd-Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic veins. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly.
• Chronic Hepatitis: Chronic hepatitis is defined as inflammatory disease of the liver lasting for more than six months.
• Chronic Hepatitis B: Chronic form of HepB liver infection.
• Chronic Hepatitis C: Chronic form of Hepatitis C viral liver infection.
• Chronic liver disease: Any form of chronic liver disease
• Classic galactosemia: Rare serious genetic defect in galactose metabolism.
• Cognitive impairment: General loss of mental or cognitive ability
• Concentration difficulty: Reduced concentration ability or lack of concentration
• Congestive Heart Failure: Inadequate pumping and decline of heart function common in the elderly.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic condition where the bone marrow is unable to make sufficient red blood cells which leads low levels of red blood cells. There are eight subtypes of the condition which differ in the location of the genetic defect and the incidence of additional symptoms such as malformations. The severity of symptoms is variable but most cases are serious.
• Esophageal varices: Abnormally dilated blood vessels in the wall of the esophagus. The condition is asymptomatic unless the blood vessel bursts which can result in death.
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus
• Fatigue: Excessive tiredness or weakness.
• Fatty liver disease: Fatty liver disease can range from fatty liver alone (steatosis) to fatty liver associated with inflammation (steatohepatitis). This condition can occur with the use of alcohol (alcohol-related fatty liver) or in the absence of alcohol (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]).
• Fibrosis: The formation of fibrous tissue
• Forgetfulness: Forgetting things or loss of memory ability
• Galactosemia: Any of a number of recessive disorders that cause accumulation of galactose in the blood from an inability to metabolise galactose
• Gallstones: Stone-like deposits in the gall bladder.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding: Internal bleeding in the digestive tract
• Glycogen storage diseases: A condition which is characterized by a defect in the ability of the body to store glycogen
• Heart failure: Slow failure of the heart (cardiac insufficiency).
• Hematochromatosis: Hemochromatosis is the abnormal accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs, leading to organ toxicity. It is the most common inherited liver disease in whites and the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder.
• Hemochromatosis: Excess of iron leading to problems with joints, liver, heart and pancreas.
• Hepatitis B: Viral liver infection spread by sex or body fluids.
• Hepatitis C: Viral liver infection spread by blood.
• Hepatoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. There are 4 types of hemochromatosis and they are distinguished by age of onset, genetic cause and type of inheritance. Some sufferers may be asymptomatic.
• Hypersensitive: Excessive sensitivity to sensations or stimuli
• Immune deficiency conditions: Any of various diseases that suppress the immune system.
• Itching skin: Itching feeling of the skin.
• Jaundice: Bile or liver problem causing yellowness.
• Leg swelling: Swelling of one or both legs
• Leishmaniasis: A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis.
• Liver cancer: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Liver conditions: Any condition that affects the liver
• Liver damage: Any damage that occurs to the function or structure of the liver
• Liver failure: Acute liver failure (ALF) is an uncommon condition in which the rapid deterioration of liver function results in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual.
• Liver fibrosis: Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Nausea: The queasy feeling of nausea and often also vomiting.
• Neoplastic porphyria tarda: A rare condition where a liver tumor causes a deficiency of the enzyme hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. The deficiency causes a build up of porphyrins in the liver and the skin which causes damage to the skin and various other symptoms.
• Nephrotic syndrome: Various kidney glomeruli conditions
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A form of fatty liver where fat and fibrous tissue accumulate in the liver. Fatty liver is normally seen in alcoholic patients but in NASH syndrome, alcohol is not a factor. The condition may be generally asymptomatic or in some cases may lead to progressive scarring (cirrhosis) of the liver. The condition has a variable progression.
• Obesity: An increase in the body weight greater than that required for normal function that is characterised by the accumulation of excessive fat
• Opportunistic infections: Is defined as an infection that occurs due to an organism that does not usually cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain conditions
• Personality change: Change in a person's behavior and personality
• Poor appetite: Loss or reduction in appetite for food
• Porphyria cutanea tarda, familial type: A rare metabolic condition involving a deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.
• Porphyria cutanea tarda, sporadic type: A rare metabolic condition involving a deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the liver only. Type II involves a deficiency of the same enzymes activity in various tissues throughout the body.
• Portal hypertension: Portal hypertension may be defined as a portal pressure gradient of 12 mm Hg or greater and is often associated with varices and ascites.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis: Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive cholestatic disease of the liver.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology that is recognized increasingly in children.
• Prostration: Extreme exhaustion and fatigue.
• Right heart failure: Heart failure of the right side of the heart
• Schistosomiasis: Parasitic fluke infection in developing countries
• Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis: Secondary biliary cirrhosis is a condition where the bile ducts are unable to transport bile effectively due to a secondary cause which results in blockage, inflammation, scarring or some other damage to the bile ducts. The condition may result from such things as congenital defect of the bile ducts (e.g. biliary atresia), cystic fibrosis, gallstones or a variety of other secondary conditions.
• Sialadenitis: Salivary gland inflammation due to obstruction of the salivary gland or a duct.
• Sjogren's Syndrome: Autoimmune disease damaging the eye tear ducts and other glands.
• Sleep symptoms: Symptoms affecting sleep patterns.
• Society problems: Difficulty interacting in society.
• Stomach upset: Various forms of sudden acute digestive upset.
• Telangiectasia: The permanent dilation of pre-existing small blood vessels
• Tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Unresponsiveness: Poor response to questions or actions
• Viral Hepatitis: hepatitis describes inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be caused by alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and viruses. Viral infection accounts for more than half the cases of acute hepatitis.
• Weakness: Symptoms causing weakness of the body
• Weight loss: Loss of body weight.
• Wilson's Disease: Wilson disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism.

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• ASCITES (Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
• HEPATOMEGALY (Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
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