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Diseases » Clubfoot » Causes
 

Causes of Clubfoot

Contents
  1. Clubfoot: Introduction
  2. Excerpts from book chapters
  3. Causes of symptoms
  4. Related cause information

Causes of Clubfoot (Diseases Database):

The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Clubfoot that are listed by the Diseases Database:

Source: Diseases Database

Clubfoot Causes: Book Excerpts

Clubfoot as a symptom:

Conditions listing Clubfoot as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Clubfoot. Our database lists the following as having Clubfoot as a symptom of that condition:

Related information on causes of Clubfoot:

As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Clubfoot may be found in:

Causes of Clubfoot: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the causes of Clubfoot.

Clubbing: Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

  • Pulmonary
    –Cystic fibrosis
    –Bronchiectasis
    –Empyema
    –Pulmonary abscess
    –Tuberculosis, aspergillosis
    –Asthma complicated by infections
    –Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
    –Sarcoidosis
    –Interstitial pneumonitis (lymphoid, chronic)
    –Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Cardiovascular
    –Cyanotic congenital heart disease
    –Congestive heart failure
    –Myxoid tumor
    –Subacute bacterial endocarditis
    –Myxomas
  • Gastrointestinal
    –Inflammatory bowel disease
    –Gardner syndrome
    –Parasitosis
    –Biliary cirrhosis or biliary atresia
    –Chronic active hepatitis
    –Celiac disease
    • Other
      –Diamond syndrome (myxedema, exophthalmos, clubbing)
      –Thyrotoxicosis
      –Hypervitaminosis A
      –Malnutrition
  • Acquired, one or more digits
    –Aortic/subclavian aneurysm
    –Brachial plexus injury
    –Shoulder subluxation
    –Trauma
    –Maffucci syndrome
    –Gout
    –Sarcoidosis
    –Severe herpetic whitlow
  • Idiopathic
  • Hereditary, familial (isolated)
    –Pachydermoperiostosis
  • Pseudoclubbing (broad distal phalanges with normally shaped nails)
    –Apert syndrome
    –Pfeiffer syndrome
    –Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Clubbing: Medical causes
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))

Bronchiectasis.

Clubbing commonly occurs in the late stage of bronchiectasis. Another classic sign is a cough that produces copious, foul-smelling, and mucopurulent sputum. Hemoptysis and coarse crackles over the affected area, heard during inspiration, are also characteristic. The patient may complain of weight loss, fatigue, weakness, and exertional dyspnea. He may also have rhonchi, fever, malaise, and halitosis.

Bronchitis.

With chronic bronchitis, clubbing may occur as a late sign and is unrelated to the severity of the disease. The patient has a chronic productive cough and may display barrel chest, dyspnea, wheezing, increased use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, tachypnea, crackles, scattered rhonchi, and prolonged expiration.

Emphysema.

Clubbing occurs late in emphysema. The patient may have anorexia, malaise, dyspnea, tachypnea, diminished breath sounds, peripheral cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing. He may also display accessory muscle use, barrel chest, and a productive cough.

Endocarditis.

With subacute infective endocarditis, clubbing may be accompanied by a fever, anorexia, pallor, weakness, night sweats, fatigue, tachycardia, and weight loss. The patient may also develop arthralgia, petechiae, Osler's nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, splenomegaly, and Roth's spots. Cardiac murmurs are usually present.

Heart failure.

Clubbing occurs as a late sign in heart failure along with wheezing, dyspnea, and fatigue. Other findings include jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, tachypnea, palpitations, dependent edema, unexplained weight gain, nausea, anorexia, chest tightness, a slowed mental response, hypotension, diaphoresis, narrow pulse pressure, pallor, oliguria, a gallop rhythm (a third heart sound),and crackles on inspiration.

Interstitial fibrosis.

Clubbing usually occurs in the patient with advanced interstitial fibrosis. Typically, he also develops intermittent chest pain, dyspnea, crackles, fatigue, weight loss, and possible cyanosis.

Lung abscess.

Initially, lung abscess produces clubbing, which may reverse with resolution of the abscess. It can also cause pleuritic chest pain; dyspnea; crackles; a productive cough with a lot of purulent, foul-smelling, usually bloody sputum; and halitosis. The patient may also experience weakness, fatigue, anorexia, a headache, malaise, weight loss, and a fever with chills. You may hear decreased breath sounds.

Lung and pleural cancer.

Clubbing occurs commonly in lung and pleural cancers. Associated findings include hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and a fever.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006

Clubfoot: Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

A combination of genetic and environmental factors in utero appears to cause clubfoot. Heredity is a definite factor in some cases, although the mechanism of transmission is undetermined. In children without a family history of clubfoot, this anomaly seems linked to arrested development during the 9th and 10th weeks of embryonic life, when the feet are formed. Researchers also suspect muscle abnormalities, leading to variations in length and tendon insertions, as possible causes of clubfoot.

Clubfoot, which has an incidence of approximately 1 per 1,000 live births, usually occurs bilaterally and is twice as common in boys. It may be associated with other birth defects, such as myelomeningocele, spina bifida, and arthrogryposis.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Clubbing: Medical causes
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

Bronchiectasis

Clubbing commonly occurs in the late stage of this disorder. Another classic sign is a cough producing copious, foul-smelling, and mucopurulent sputum. Hemoptysis and coarse crackles heard over the affected area during inspiration are also characteristic. The patient may complain of weight loss, fatigue, weakness, and exertional dyspnea. He may also have rhonchi, fever, malaise, and halitosis.

Bronchitis

Clubbing may occur as a late sign in chronic bronchitis, but it doesn’t reflect the severity of the disease. The patient has a chronic productive cough and may display barrel chest, dyspnea, wheezing, increased use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, tachypnea, crackles, scattered rhonchi, and prolonged expiration.

Emphysema

Clubbing occurs late in this disease, which may also cause anorexia, malaise, dyspnea, tachypnea, diminished breath sounds, peripheral cyanosis, pursed-lip breathing, accessory muscle use, barrel chest, and a productive cough.

Endocarditis

In subacute infective endocarditis, clubbing may be accompanied by fever, anorexia, pallor, weakness, night sweats, fatigue, tachycardia, and weight loss. The patient may also develop arthralgia, petechiae, Osler’s nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, splenomegaly, and Roth’s spots. Cardiac murmurs are usually present.

Heart failure

Clubbing is a late sign of heart failure along with wheezing, dyspnea, and fatigue. Other findings include jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, tachypnea, palpitations, dependent edema, unexplained weight gain, nausea, anorexia, chest tightness, slowed mental response, hypotension, diaphoresis, narrow pulse pressure, pallor, oliguria, a gallop rhythm (a third heart sound),and crackles on inspiration.

Interstitial fibrosis

Clubbing occurs in almost all patients with advanced interstitial fibrosis. Typically, the patient also develops intermittent chest pain, dyspnea, crackles, fatigue, weight loss and, possibly, cyanosis.

Lung abscess

Initially, this disorder produces clubbing, which may resolve with resolution of the abscess. It can also cause pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, crackles, halitosis, and a productive cough with a large amount of purulent, foul-smelling, and commonly bloody sputum. The patient may also experience weakness, fatigue, anorexia, headache, malaise, weight loss, and fever with chills. Auscultation may reveal decreased breath sounds.

Lung and pleural cancer

Clubbing occurs commonly in these cancers. Associated findings include hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and fever.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006

Nail Phenomena/Clubbing: Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)

Phenomena

❑ Pitting

❑ Transverse depression

❑ Transverse white line

❑ Nailfold telangiectasias

❑ Nailfold infarcts

❑ Splinter hemorrhages

❑ Onycholysis

❑ Spoon nails

❑ Blue-green nails

❑ White nails

❑ Half-and-half nails

❑ Yellow nails

❑ Blue lunulae

❑ Red lunulae

❑ Black longitudinal streak

Clubbing

❑ Bronchogenic cancer

❑ Tuberculosis

❑ Endocarditis

❑ Inflammatory bowel disease

❑ Familial

❑ Trauma

❑ Grave disease

❑ Cirrhosis

❑ Cystic fibrosis

❑ Cyanotic congenital heart disease

❑ Pulmonary fibrosis

❑ Mediastinal Hodgkin disease

❑ Mesothelioma

❑ Lung abscess

❑ Bronchiectasis

❑ Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

❑ Pachydermoperiostosis

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007

Clubfoot: Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)

A combination of genetic and environmental factors in utero appears to cause clubfoot. Heredity is a definite factor in some cases, although the mechanism of transmission is undetermined. If a child is born with clubfoot, his sibling has a 1 in 35 chance of being born with the same anomaly. Children of a parent with clubfoot have 1 chance in 10.

In children without a family history of clubfoot, this anomaly seems linked to arrested development during the 9th and 10th weeks of embryonic life, when the feet are formed. Researchers also suspect muscle abnormalities, leading to variations in length and tendon insertions, as possible causes of clubfoot.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003

Clubbing: Medical causes
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

Bronchiectasis.Clubbing commonly occurs in the late stage of bronchiectasis. Another classic sign is a cough that produces copious, foul-smelling, and mucopurulent sputum. Hemoptysis and coarse crackles over the affected area, heard during inspiration, are also characteristic. The patient may complain of weight loss, fatigue, weakness, and exertional dyspnea. He may also have rhonchi, fever, malaise, and halitosis.

Bronchitis.With chronic bronchitis, clubbing may occur as a late sign and is unrelated to the severity of the disease. The patient has a chronic productive cough and may display barrel chest, dyspnea, wheezing, increased use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, tachypnea, crackles, scattered rhonchi, and prolonged expiration.

Emphysema.Clubbing occurs late in emphysema. The patient may have anorexia, malaise, dyspnea, tachypnea, diminished breath sounds, peripheral cyanosis, and pursed-lip breathing. He may also display accessory muscle use, barrel chest, and a productive cough.

Endocarditis.With subacute infective endocarditis, clubbing may be accompanied by a fever, anorexia, pallor, weakness, night sweats, fatigue, tachycardia, and weight loss. The patient may also develop arthralgia, petechiae, Osler's nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, splenomegaly, and Roth's spots. Cardiac murmurs are usually present.

Heart failure.Clubbing occurs as a late sign in heart failure along with wheezing, dyspnea, and fatigue. Other findings include jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, tachypnea, palpitations, dependent edema, unexplained weight gain, nausea, anorexia, chest tightness, a slowed mental response, hypotension, diaphoresis, narrow pulse pressure, pallor, oliguria, a gallop rhythm (a third heart sound),and crackles on inspiration.

Interstitial fibrosis.Clubbing usually occurs in the patient with advanced interstitial fibrosis. Typically, he also develops intermittent chest pain, dyspnea, crackles, fatigue, weight loss, and possible cyanosis.

Lung abscess.Initially, a lung abscess produces clubbing, which may reverse with resolution of the abscess. It can also cause pleuritic chest pain; dyspnea; crackles; a productive cough with a lot of purulent, foul-smelling, usually bloody sputum; and halitosis. The patient may also experience weakness, fatigue, anorexia, a headache, malaise, weight loss, and a fever with chills. You may hear decreased breath sounds.

Lung and pleural cancer.Clubbing occurs commonly in lung and pleural cancers. Associated findings include hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and a fever.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Clubfoot: Clubfoot - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)

  • Many anatomic abnormalities have been postulated as causing clubfoot:
    • Anomalous or deficient muscles, myoblasts, mast cells, abnormal primary bone formation, joint and muscle contractures, vascular anomalies (absent dorsalis pedis artery), nerve anomalies
    • Abnormalities of the fibrous connective tissue
  • Interruption of the development of the embryonic foot has also been suggested.

Clubfoot - etiology

  • Most cases are idiopathic (multifactorial inheritance pattern with significant environmental influence).
  • Infrequently, neuromuscular imbalance may underlie the deformity (cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, lipomas of the cord, caudal or sacral agenesis, polio, arthrogryposis, fetal alcohol syndrome).

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008


 » Next page: Symptoms of Clubfoot

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