Prevalence and Incidence of Conductive deafness
Conductive deafness Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalence/Incidence of Conductive deafness: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Conductive deafness.
Hearing loss:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Congenital hearing loss may be transmitted as a dominant, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or sex-linked recessive trait. Hearing loss in neonates may also result from trauma, toxicity, or infection during pregnancy or delivery. Predisposing factors include a family history of hearing loss or known hereditary disorders (otosclerosis, for example), maternal exposure to rubella or syphilis during pregnancy, use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, prolonged fetal anoxia during delivery, and congenital abnormalities of the ears, nose, or throat. Premature or low-birth-weight neonates are most likely to have structural or functional hearing impairment; those with serum bilirubin levels above 20 mg/dl also risk hearing impairment from the toxic effect of high serum bilirubin levels on the brain. In addition, trauma during delivery may cause intracranial hemorrhage and may damage the cochlea or the acoustic nerve.
Sudden deafness refers to sudden hearing loss in a person with no prior hearing impairment. This condition is considered a medical emergency because prompt treatment may restore full hearing. Its causes and predisposing factors may include:
❑ acute infections, especially mumps (most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children), and other bacterial and viral infections, such as rubella, rubeola, influenza, herpes zoster, and infectious mononucleosis; and mycoplasma infections
❑ blood dyscrasias (leukemia, hypercoagulation)
❑ head trauma or brain tumors
❑ metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia)
❑ neurologic disorders (multiple sclerosis, neurosyphilis)
❑ ototoxic drugs (tobramycin, streptomycin, quinine, gentamicin, furosemide, ethacrynic acid)
❑ vascular disorders (hypertension, arteriosclerosis).
Noise-induced hearing loss, which may be transient or permanent, may follow prolonged exposure to loud noise (85 to 90 dB) or brief exposure to extremely loud noise (greater than 90 dB). Such hearing loss is common in workers subjected to constant industrial noise and in military personnel, hunters, and rock musicians.
Presbycusis, an otologic effect of aging, results from a loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. This disorder causes progressive, symmetrical, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, usually of high-frequency tones.
Minor decreases in hearing are common after age 20. Some deafness due to nerve damage occurs in one of every five people by age 55.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Conduct disorder:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Studies have suggested that the disorder has biological (including genetic) and psychosocial components. Roughly 30% to 50% of clinical populations with conduct disorder also have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Social risk factors that may predispose a child to conduct disorder include socioeconomic deprivation; harsh, punitive parenting with verbal or physical aggression; separation from parents; early institutionalization; family neglect, abuse, or violence; frequent verbal abuse from parents, teachers, or other authority figures; parental psychiatric illness, substance abuse, or marital discord; large family size, crowding, and poverty; and divorce with persistent hostility between the parents. Other risk factors include child abuse and neglect, neurologic damage caused by low birth weight or birth complications, underarousal of the autonomic nervous system, learning impairments, insensitivity to physical pain and punishment, and impaired functioning of the nonadrenergic system.
The prevalence of conduct disorder among people ages 9 to 17 is approximately 1% to 4%. An estimated 6% to 16% of boys and 2% to 9% of girls younger than age 18 have the disorder. The prognosis is worse in children with an earlier onset; these children are more likely to develop antisocial personality disorder as adults.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Conductive deafness usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Conductive deafness at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Conductive deafness refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Conductive deafness diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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