Causes of Congenital conditions
Congenital conditions Causes: Book Excerpts
Congenital conditions as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Congenital conditions as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Congenital conditions.
Our database lists the following as having
Congenital conditions as a complication of that condition:
Congenital conditions as a symptom:
Conditions listing Congenital conditions
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Congenital conditions.
Our database lists the following as having
Congenital conditions as a symptom of that condition:
Medications or substances causing Congenital conditions:
The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible
causes of Congenital conditions as a symptom.
This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances
may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
Read more about medication causes of Congenital conditions
What causes Congenital conditions?
Article excerpts about the
causes of Congenital conditions:
Even with all the information we have about reducing the
risks of having a baby with a birth defect, most birth defects still occur
for unknown reasons. If you have had a child with a birth defect, it's
natural to feel a wide range of emotions. You may find the support you
need through a group listed in our referral, support and advocacy list.
(Source: excerpt from Prenatal Care: NWHIC)
Medical news summaries relating to Congenital conditions:
The following medical news items are relevant to causes of Congenital conditions:
Cause statistics for Congenital conditions:
The following are statistics from various sources about the causes of Congenital conditions:
- Poorly controlled diabetes before conception and during first trimester of pregnancy can cause major birth defects in 5-10% of pregnancies in the US 2001 (National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet, NIDDK, 2003)
- more statistics...»
Related information on causes of Congenital conditions:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Congenital conditions may be found in:
Causes of Congenital conditions: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Congenital conditions.
Congenital Penile Anomalies:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Hypospadias
–Most common penile anomaly
–Incidence of 1/500
–Urethral meatus is typically located on the ventral surface of the glans penis
–The meatus may also be located on the ventral surface of the penile shaft, the scrotum, or the perineum
–Frequently associated with a ventral curvature of the penis (chordee) and/or a hooded prepuce
–Less commonly associated with undescended testes or inguinal hernia
-
Epispadias
–Less common than hypospadias
–Urethral meatus on dorsal surface of the penis
-
Chordee
–Ventral curvature of the penis
–Most often associated with hypospadias
–May occur without hypospadias when the ventral tissue is hypoplastic or fibrotic
-
Dorsal hood
–Incomplete formation of the ventral foreskin
–May occur with hypospadias
- Micropenis (microphallus)
–Defined as stretched penis length shorter than 2 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age
–Associated with Prader-Willi, Kallmann Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, and growth hormone deficiency
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Hearing Loss – Congenital:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Infections
–CMV: Most common intrauterine infection
causing hearing loss
–Bacterial meningitis
–Congenital rubella: Cataracts, cardiovascular
anomalies, retinitis, mental retardation
–Congenital syphilis
–Toxoplasmosis
–Lyme disease - Metabolic
–Hyperbilirubinemia (kernicterus): Consider phototherapy or exchange transfusion if serum bilirubin >20 mg/dL in newborn
–Hypercholesterolemia
-
Ototoxic medications
–Aminoglycoside, gentamicin often needed for perinatal sepsis; >5 days risks hearing loss
-
Temporal bone anomaly
–Middle ear anomaly (results in conductive
hearing loss)
–Perilymphatic fistula
–Dilated vestibular aqueduct (±Mondini
deformity)
–Michel cochlear aplasia
–Scheibe aplasia: Membranous aplasia; bony
labyrinth normal
-
Nonsyndromic hereditary congenital deafness (connexin 26 gene mutation is responsible for half of all genetic deafness)
-
Syndromic hereditary congenital deafness
–Waardenburg: Telecanthus, confluent eyebrow, colored irides, white forlock
–Usher: Retinitis pigmentosa (totally blind by second to third decade), ataxia, vestibular dysfunction
–Alport: Progressive nephritis and hearing loss
–Apert (acrocephalosyndactyly): Craniofacial dysostosis
–Crouzon (craniofacial dysostosis): Prognathic mandibile, small maxilla
–Jervell and Lange-Neilsen: Heart disease
(prolonged QT interval)
–Pendred: Euthyroid goiter
–Oto-palatal-digital: Cleft palate, stubby
clubbed digits
–Congential aural atresia
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Cesarean birth:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The most common reasons for cesarean birth are malpresentation (such as shoulder or face presentation), fetal intolerance of labor distress, cephalopelvic disproportion ([CPD] the pelvis is too small to accommodate the fetal head), certain cases of toxemia, previous cesarean birth, and inadequate progress in labor (failure of induction).
Conditions causing fetal distress that indicate a need for cesarean birth include prolapsed cord with a live fetus, fetal hypoxia, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, unfavorable intrauterine environment (from infection), and moderate to severe Rh isoimmunization. Less common maternal conditions that may necessitate cesarean birth include complete placenta previa, abruptio placentae, placenta accreta, malignant tumors, and chronic diseases in which delivery is indicated before term.
Cesarean birth may also be necessary if induction is contraindicated or difficult or if advanced labor increases the risk of morbidity and mortality.
In the case of a previous cesarean delivery, some physicians allow a subsequent vaginal delivery if the cesarean wasn’t classic or if the original reason for the cesarean no longer exists. However, vaginal delivery risks uterine rupture if the uterus is scarred.
The rising incidence of cesarean birth coincides with recent medical and technologic advances in fetal and placental surveillance and care. In the United States, 9% to 16% of all pregnancies terminate in cesarean births, rising to 17% to 25% in perinatal centers that handle high-risk deliveries.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Congenital anomalies of the ureter, bladder, and urethra:
Causes
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Congenital anomalies of the ureter, bladder, and urethra are among the most common birth defects, occurring in about 5% of all births. Their causes are unknown; diagnosis and treatment vary.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Developmental Disabilities:
Developmental Disabilities - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- This is highly variable depending on etiology, which can include genetic, familial, metabolic, infectious, endocrinologic, traumatic, anatomic brain malformations, environmental toxins, and degenerative disorders as causes. These disorders often result in some neurologic or neuromuscular injury causing the delay. In many cases, the etiology is never determined.
- Prevalence of this group of disorders may vary depending on how inclusive the definition. The milder delays are quite common and can be found in any pediatric practice. Some disorders in this grouping are more prevalent in boys. The long-term outcome depends on the severity and type of delay, with the more involved children usually having lifelong disability.
Developmental Disabilities - etiology
Specific etiologies are too numerous to list completely but a partial list of the more common causes includes:
- Genetic/familial:
- Fragile X syndrome
- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
- Other chromosomal abnormalities
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Neurofibromatosis
- Phenylketonuria
- Muscular dystrophy
- Nervous system anomalies:
- Hydrocephalus
- Lissencephaly
- Spina bifida
- Seizures
- Infections:
- Prenatal cytomegalovirus
- Rubella
- Toxoplasmosis
- HIV
- Postnatal bacterial meningitis
- Neonatal herpes simplex
- Endocrinologic:
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Environment:
- Heavy metal poisoning such as lead
- In utero drug or alcohol exposure
- Trauma/injury:
- Closed head trauma
- Asphyxia
- Stroke
- Perinatal cerebral hemorrhages
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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