EYE PAIN
EYE PAIN: Excerpt from Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care
Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain.
- M—Malformations most certainly suggest glaucoma and all the refractive disorders (e.g., astigmatism, myopia, hypermetropia).
- I—Inflammation accounts for most cases. One anatomically recalls conjuctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, corneal ulcers, iridocyclitis, and optic neuritis. Do not forget inflammation of the orbit. Vasculitis from temporal arteritis must be considered with obstruction of the retinal veins or arteries.
- N—Neoplasms are unlikely causes but must be considered.
- T—Trauma should suggest abrasions and foreign bodies, particularly those of the cornea.
Eye pain, like earache, may be referred. Cerebral neoplasms, migraine, and sinusitis may all present with orbital or retroorbital pain. An additional category of etiologies that is not common in earache is systemic disease. Any febrile disease may cause bilateral eye pain, particularly viral influenza.
EYE PAIN
Approach to the Diagnosis
The approach to the diagnosis of eye pain involves a careful search for inflammation of the various anatomic structures; then a drop or two of fluorescent dye is inserted and the cornea inspected for lacerations, herpes ulcers, and foreign bodies. Finally, tenometry may be done. Referral to an ophthalmologist is often necessary, but the astute clinician will want to x-ray the sinuses, ask about a history of migraine, do a visual field, and rule out systemic diseases beforehand.
Other Useful Tests
- Smear and culture of exudate (conjunctivitis)
- Smear for eosinophils (allergic conjunctivitis)
- Histamine test (cluster headaches)
- Sedimentation rate (temporal arteritis)
- X-ray of sinuses (sinusitis)
- Visual fields (glaucoma)
- Slit lamp examination (iriditis)
- CT scan of brain (tumors, abscess)
- Temporal artery biopsy (temporal arteritis)
Book Source Details
- Book Title: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care
- Author(s): R. Douglas Collins
- Year of Publication: 2007
- Copyright Details: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care, Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
More About Conjunctivitis
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- "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
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- "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
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- "Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)" (2006)
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- "Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series" (2007)
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- "Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses" (2007)
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- "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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