Glossary for Coronary heart disease

• Acromegaly: A hormonal disorder involving excess growth hormone production by the pituitary gland.
• Angina: A special type of chest pain.
• Atheroma: A region of plaque occurring in atherosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part due to the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low density (especially small particle) lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides) without adequate removal of fats and cholesterol from the macrophages by functional high density lipoproteins (HDL). It is commonly referred to as a hardening or furring of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries.
• Blood vessel conditions: Conditions that affect the blood vessels
• Candesartan - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Candesartan during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Captopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Captopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Cardiovascular Disease: Diseases of the heart or blood vessels including cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke.
• Chagas disease: A parasitic infection caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect bites or blood transfusions. The disease primarily involves the heart and gastrointestinal system.
• Cold antibody hemolytic anemia: A rare autoimmune condition where the body's defense system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The onset of the condition is triggered by temperatures 30ºC or lower.
• Congenital heart defects: Heart defects that a baby is born with.
• Conn's adenoma: An uncommon (but possible highly underdiagnosed) condition characterized by the excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal gland. The condition may result from the presence of an adrenal adenoma. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients simply suffering high blood pressure and no other symptoms. Due to the high degree of variation in presenting symptoms, the condition may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
• Conn's syndrome: An uncommon (but possible highly underdiagnosed) condition characterized by the excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal gland. The condition may result from the presence of an adenoma, carcinoma or enlargement of the adrenal gland or glands. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients simply suffering high blood pressure and no other symptoms. Due to the high degree of variation in presenting symptoms, the condition may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
• Conn-Louis Carcinoma: An uncommon (but possible highly underdiagnosed) condition characterized by the excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal gland. The condition results from the presence of an adrenal carcinoma. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients simply suffering high blood pressure and no other symptoms. Due to the high degree of variation in presenting symptoms, the condition may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
• Coronary artery disease, autosomal dominant 1: An increased risk of coronary artery disease is associate with a dominantly inherited defect on the MEF2A gene on chromosome 15q26.
• Coronary artery disease, autosomal dominant 2: An increased risk of coronary artery disease is associate with a dominantly inherited defect on the LPR6 gene on chromosome 12p113.3-p11.2.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 1: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 16pter-p13.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 2: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 2q21.1-q22.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 3: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq23-q26.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 4: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q32.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 5: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 5 is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q13.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 6: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 6 is linked to a defect on chromosome 11q23.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 7: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 7 is linked to a defect on chromosome 7q11.2.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 8: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 8 is linked to a defect on chromosome 9p21.
• Coronary heart disease, susceptibility to, 9: An increased risk of coronary heart disease is linked to genetic defects in some cases. Type 9 is linked to a defect on chromosome 8p22.
• Defective apolipoprotein B-100: A rare inherited condition where defective apolipoprotein B-100 impairs the metabolism of cholesterol and results in high blood cholesterol which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Fabry's Disease: Genetic fat storage disorder
• Familial Apolipoprotein A-I and C-III Deficiency: Familial Apolipoprotein A-I and C-III Deficiency is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by low HDL cholesterol and a lack of apolipoproteins A-I and C-III in the blood.
• Familial Apolipoprotein A-I, C-III, A-IV Deficiency: Familial Apolipoprotein A-I, C-III and A-IV Deficiency is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by low HDL cholesterol and a lack of apolipoproteins A-I and C-III in the blood.
• Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A genetic abnormality which causes patients to have abnormally high cholesterol levels (low-density lipoproteins). The condition usually leads to early cardiovascular disease.
• Heart attack: Serious and often fatal acute heart condition
• Heart conditions: Any condition that affects the heart
• Heart disease: Any of various heart conditions.
• Heart failure: Slow failure of the heart (cardiac insufficiency).
• Heart symptoms: Symptoms affecting the heart
• Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited condition involving abnormal lipid metabolism. Cholesterol levels tend to be with coronary artery disease usually developing before the age of 50. The heterozygous form of the condition is not as severe as the homozygous form of the disease.
• High Cholesterol: High levels of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, or other lipids.
• Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia is a severe inherited condition involving abnormal lipid metabolism. Cholesterol levels tend to be very high with problems occurring early in life. Death from a heart attack can occur within the first few years of life in severe cases.
• Hypercholesterolemia due to LDL receptor deficiency: A disorder involving a defect in the protein (LDL receptor) that allows cholesterol to be transported to where it can be used means that it builds up in the blood and blood vessels where it can cause problems.
• Hypercholesterolemia due to arg3500 mutation of Apo B-100: A rare disorder where a defect in the protein that transports cholesterol (apolipoprotein B-100) means that it builds up in the blood and blood vessels where it can cause problems.
• Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant: A dominantly inherited disorder of cholesterol metabolism which causes premature coronary artery disease.
• Hyperlipoproteinemia: Hyperlipoproteinemia is a medical term for high levels of lipids in the blood which in turn causes high cholesterol levels. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• Metabolic Syndrome: A common body syndrome with the "deadly quartet" of major conditions: obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and high lipids.
• Niemann-Pick disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (acid sphingomyelinase) needed to break down certain lipids which results in an accumulation of these lipids in the body.
• No symptoms: The absence of noticable symptoms.
• Physical inactivity: When an individual is physically inactive
• Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of lipoprotein lipase which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins in the blood. The high cholesterol results from abnormally high levels of low density lipoproteins in the blood due to a deficiency of LDL receptors. There are two subtypes of this condition: type IIa and type IIb. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare genetic condition characterized by increased blood levels of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) which in turn causes high cholesterol levels. The high IDL levels are caused by an abnormality in apolipoprotein E. Apolipoprotein E is a protein found on IDLs which allows the IDLs to bind to liver cells. Without this binding process, the level of IDLs in the blood increase. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• Type IIa Hyperlipoproteinemia: Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare genetic condition characterized by high levels of low density lipoproteins in the blood. A deficiency of LDL receptors leads to an increased level of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) which in turn causes high cholesterol levels. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• Type IIb Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IIb Hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition characterized by increased blood levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and apoprotein B (ApoB). This in turn causes high cholesterol levels. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
• Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia is an inherited condition characterized by high levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the blood which in turn causes high cholesterol levels. Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. The high VLDL levels are a result of increased production and reduced elimination of the VLDLs. Environmental factors are the driving force behind this condition.
• Type Ia Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ia Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of lipoprotein lipase which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type Ib Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ib Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of apolipoprotein C-II which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type Ic Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ic Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of inhibited lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare condition characterized by increased synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and reduced levels of lipoprotein lipase (an enzyme). Lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol in the bloodstream and high levels of them in the bloodstream means that there are high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

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