Diagnosis of Cri-du-chat syndrome
Cri-du-chat syndrome Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Cri-du-chat syndrome: Online Medical Books
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Cat's cry:
History and physical examination
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
Perform a physical examination, and note abnormalities. If you detect cat's cry in an older infant, ask the parents when it developed. The sudden onset of an abnormal cry in an infant with a previously normal, vigorous cry suggests other disorders. (See “Cry, highpitched,” page 179.)
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Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Cat's cry:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
Perform a physical examination, and note any abnormalities. If you detect cat’s cry in an older infant, ask the parents when it developed. Sudden onset of an abnormal cry in an infant with a previously normal, vigorous cry suggests other disorders. (See “Cry, high-pitched,” page 218.)
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Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Crying and Irritability:
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
Well Child
Physical Disturbance
Physicaldisturbances that contribute to excessive crying in infants andchildren include hunger, thirst, diaper wetness, loud noise, teething,tiredness, restriction of movement, anal fissure, pruritic rash,and environmental temperature that is either too warm or too cold.In older children, hunger and tirednessare most common physical factors contributing to excessive cryingand irritability. Psychologic Disturbance
Psychologicdisturbances that contribute to excessive crying and irritabilityin infancy include abnormal mother–child interaction wherethe mother is unable to meet physical and emotional needs of herchild. The relationship is characterized by lack of contact, stimulation,and love.Conversely, overstimulation with disruptionof feeding and sleeping patterns also may cause excessive cryingand irritability.In older children, anxiety, depression,lack of parental love, insecurity, excessive strictness in family,frequent punishment, and other personal or family problems may causefrequent crying and emotional upset. Colic
May be definedas recurrent crying spells lasting >3 hrs/dayfor ≥3 days/wk beginning at 2–4 wks of life.Episodes occur at predictable timesof day and each episode lasts 30 mins to 2 hrs or longer.Infants are difficult to console bynormal parental means, but when they are not crying, they appearwell and developmentally normal.Episodes usually resolve by about 4mos of age.Why colic occurs is unknown, but Barrand Gunnar (2000) have hypothesized that it may be due to decreasedability of some infants to regulate or modulate their responses. Ill Child
Infectionand trauma are most common causes of excessive crying and irritabilityin ill children.Most disorders listed below are discussedin other chapters.History and physical exam are oftendiagnostic.InfectionViral illnessAcute otitis mediaHerpes gingivostomatitisHerpanginaGastroenteritisUrinary tract infectionMeningitisEncephalitisSepticemia TraumaFractures (skull, extremity, clavicle)Subdural hematoma Skin disordersBurnHair tourniquet syndrome (hair wrappedaround finger or toe) GI disordersConstipationIncarcerated inguinal herniaIntussusceptionAppendicitisIntestinal obstructionGastroesophageal reflux/esophagitis Cardiovascular disordersSupraventriculartachycardia Central nervous system disordersIncreasedintracranial pressure including pseudotumor cerebri Genitourinary disordersTesticulartorsion Eye disordersCorneal abrasionForeign bodyGlaucoma Skeletal disordersOsteomyelitisInfantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffeydisease) Drug reactionDTaP immunizationNeonatal narcotic and alcohol withdrawalMaternal drugs in breast milk (sympathomimetics)Other (sympathomimetics, antihistamines,atropinics, cocaine) Idiopathic Diagnostic Approach
Excessivecrying or irritability must be taken seriously, especially whencomforting and consoling fail to remedy the situation.Age of child and presence of illnessnarrow diagnostic possibilities. Complete history, including psychosocialand developmental history, and physical exam are often diagnostic.Infant can have normal physical examwith occult trauma (skull or extremity fracture), so that radiographssometimes are necessary.Placement of fluorescein drops in eyemay be diagnostic of corneal abrasion or foreign body.If physical exam is normal and cryingdoes not persist after assessment, serious illness is unlikely.If crying persists, other investigations may be necessary, and theseare guided by history and physical exam.
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Source: The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics, 2006
Cat's cry:
History and physical examination
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
Perform a physical examination, and note abnormalities. If you detect cat's cry in an older infant, ask the parents when it developed. The sudden onset of an abnormal cry in an infant with a previously normal, vigorous cry suggests other disorders. (See “Cry, high-pitched,” page 172.)
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Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Crying:
Crying - DIAGNOSIS
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
General goal is to decide if the crying represents a normal physiologic response, a protracted multifactorial physiologic/developmental response (colic), or a potentially pathologic problem.
- Phase 1: How urgent is the need for evaluation? A classic and difficult triage issue. One must identify the periodicity of the problem, associated symptoms, impression of wellness, and parental anxiety/reliability.
- Phase 2: When in doubt, particularly if colic seems unlikely, see the patient as soon as possible.
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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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Signs of Cri-du-chat syndrome
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