Prevalence and Incidence of Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Prevalance of Cyclic vomiting syndrome:
1 in 50 children (perhaps) ... see also overview of Cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Prevalance Rate:
approx 1 in 50 or 2.00% or 5.4 million people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "1 in 50 children (perhaps)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Rare Disease
Cyclic vomiting syndrome is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Cyclic vomiting syndrome, or a subtype of Cyclic vomiting syndrome,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Prevalance of Cyclic vomiting syndrome:
No one knows for sure how many
people have CVS, but medical researchers believe that more people may have
the disorder than is commonly thought (as many as 1 in 50 children in one
study).
(Source: excerpt from Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: NIDDK)
Prevalence/Incidence of Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Vomiting - Case 3-1: 7-Week-Old Boy:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology of Methemoglobinemia
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Although methemoglobinemia is a rare condition in pediatrics, it can cause
significant cyanosis and even death. Methemoglobin is a derivative of normal
hemoglobin in which the iron component has been oxidized from the ferrous (Fe
2+) to the ferric (Fe3+) state. The oxidized iron (Fe3+) is unable to reversibly bind oxygen. Therefore, the oxidation of hemoglobin to
methemoglobin produces a functional anemia by impairing the ability of the
blood to transport oxygen. Methemoglobin occurs regularly in the body but
rarely exceeds levels of 2% of the total hemoglobin because of antioxidant
reactions in the body that reduce methemoglobin back to hemoglobin. The most
important of these antioxidant reactions uses either reduced nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
–cytochrome b5 reductase or NADH phosphate (NADPH)–methemoglobin reductase. NADPH-methemoglobin reductase also reduces methylene
blue, an action that has important therapeutic implications, as described in
the treatment section below.
Methemoglobin levels increase when there is a disturbance in the balance between
the oxidation and reduction of heme iron. Infants are at an increased risk for
methemoglobinemia for two main reasons: (a) young infants have a lower level of
the reductase enzymes, and (b) fetal hemoglobin is more easily oxidized than
adult hemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia can be caused by exposure to oxidant drugs,
development of acidosis, or inherited conditions. The most common oxidizing
agents in acquired methemoglobinemia are sulfonamides, aniline dyes, chlorates,
quinones, benzocaine, lidocaine, metoclopramide, and phenytoin. Ingestion of
well water nitrates can also cause methemoglobinemia. Gastroenteritis with
acidosis can cause methemoglobinemia in infants, especially when
nitrite-forming bacteria such as
Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni are present. Less common causes are inherited deficiencies of erythrocyte
methemoglobin reductase or the presence of M hemoglobin.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Vomiting - Case 3-2: 9-Month-Old Girl:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology of Supraventricular Tachycardia
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
SVT is a generic term encompassing a group of cardiac arrhythmias that originate
above the atrioventricular (AV) node. It is the most common sustained
accelerated nonsinus tachyarrhythmia, with an incidence of 1 per 250 to 1,000
children. SVT can be diagnosed by EKG during an episode. Episodes can be
captured by means of a diagnostic EKG, a 24-hour Holter monitor, or
transtelephonic monitoring. Two mechanisms account for virtually all cases of
SVT: (a) an abnormal or enhanced normal automatic rhythm and (b) a reentrant
rhythm. Approximately 75% of patients with a reentrant rhythm exhibit findings
of preexcitation, with a shortened PR interval and initial slurred upstroke of
the QRS (delta wave). Children younger than 12 years of age are more likely to
have an accessory AV connection in adolescence, nodal reentry tachycardia
increases in frequency.
Reentrant rhythms account for 90% of all cases of SVT. Two separate conducting
pathways must be present, either AV or within the atrium, that lead to a cyclic
pattern of excitation resulting in SVT. Atrial reentry rhythms may lead to
either atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. AV reentrant rhythms may be
either through the AV node (nodal) or associated with an accessory AV pathway
termed the bundle of Kent. Tachycardia may result from transmission of the
impulse antegrade through the AV node-His-Purkinje system, through the
myocardium retrograde, and through the accessory pathway completing the
circuit. This orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) is the most common
pattern seen in Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome and results in the typical
narrow-complex QRS tachycardia. Rarely, the antegrade impulse travels via the
accessory pathway and retrograde through the AV node-His-Purkinje system,
resulting in antidromic reciprocating tachycardia (ART).
Preexcitation occurs in 75% of individuals with accessory pathways. This implies
that the accessory pathway can conduct the impulse in antegrade fashion, from
the atria to the ventricle. Bypassing the intrinsic delay of the AV node
results in a shortened PR interval and a slurred upstroke of the QRS, the
so-called delta wave. Twenty-five percent of accessory pathways transmit
impulses only in retrograde fashion, from the ventricle to the atrium,
resulting in a normal resting EKG (i.e., with no evidence of preexcitation).
SVT secondary to increased automaticity or atrial and junctional ectopic
tachycardias occurs more commonly in children with postoperative congenital
heart disease or cardiomyopathies.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
Vomiting - Case 3-6: 10-Month-Old Girl:
III. Incidence and Epidemiology of Hirschsprung's Disease
(Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas)
Hirschsprung initially reported this condition in 1888, but it was not until the
1920s that the absence of ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract
was discovered. Hirschsprung
's disease has an incidence of 1 in 5,000 live births, with a male predominance
of almost 4:1. Ninety percent of cases occur in full-term infants, and it is
the most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction in neonates. A family
history is noted in 7%, and if the cecum is involved the proportion rises to
21%. Hirschsprung
's disease occurs in up to 10% of patients with Down syndrome and is associated
with other conditions such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome,
congenital deafness, Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome, and Ondine
's curse.
Hirschsprung's disease is caused by the failed cephalocaudal migration of neural crest cells
during the 5th through 12th week of gestation. The absence of neurons begins at
the anus and extends proximally. This defect is limited to the rectal and
sigmoid area in 75% of patients and includes the total colon in only 8%.
Absence of these neural crest cells interrupts the inhibitory parasympathetic
nerves in the myenteric plexus, thereby inhibiting relaxation and causing
unopposed contraction.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas, 2003
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Cyclic vomiting syndrome usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Cyclic vomiting syndrome at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Cyclic vomiting syndrome refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Cyclic vomiting syndrome diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
It's inevitable that at some point in your child's life he or she will suffer vomiting and diarrhea. Most often they are nothing to get...
If you're pregnant, there's a chance that your doctor will suggest a procedure known as chorionic villus sampling to determine if your child...
"I authorize the release of any medical or other information necessary to process this claim." Do you recognize these words? You should, if...
Stress takes its toll by making us anxious, depressed and not able to function as fully as we'd like. What many don't know is that stress can...
See full list of 4 related videos
» Next page: Videos related to Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Rate This Website
What do you think about the features of this website?
Take our user survey and have your say:
Website User Survey
Medical Tools & Articles:
Next articles:
Tools & Services:
Medical Articles:
Forums & Message Boards
- Ask or answer a question at the Boards:
