Treatments for Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Treatments for Dengue hemorrhagic fever
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Dengue hemorrhagic fever
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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Hospital statistics for Dengue hemorrhagic fever:
These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Dengue hemorrhagic fever:
- 0% (5) of hospital consultant episodes were for dengue haemorrhagic fever in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 100% of hospital consultant episodes for dengue haemorrhagic fever required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 40% of hospital consultant episodes for dengue haemorrhagic fever were for men in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- 60% of hospital consultant episodes for dengue haemorrhagic fever were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
- more hospital information...»
Discussion of treatments for Dengue hemorrhagic fever:
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Questions and Answers: DVBID (Excerpt)
As with dengue, there is no specific medication for DHF. It can
however be effectively treated by fluid replacement therapy if an early
clinical diagnosis is made. Hospitalization is frequently required in
order to adequately manage DHF. Physicians who suspect that a patient
has DHF may want to consult the Dengue Branch at CDC, for more information. (Source: excerpt from Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Questions and Answers: DVBID)
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Information for Health Care Practitioners: DVBID (Excerpt)
Fortunately, DHF/DSS can be effectively managed by fluid replacement therapy, and if diagnosed early, fatality rates can be kept below 1%. It is very important, that physicians and other health care providers learn to recognize this disease. Once a person acquires dengue, the key to survival is early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
To manage the pain and fever, patients suspected of having a dengue infection should be given acetaminophen preparations rather than aspirin, because the anticoagulant effects of aspirin may aggravate the bleeding tendency associated with some dengue infections (Source: excerpt from Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Information for Health Care Practitioners: DVBID)
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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Treatments of Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the treatments of Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Initial treatment of fever includes antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs)
-
Infection should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and tailored as antibiotic sensitivities are identified
–Many cases of deep-seated infection or abscess require percutaneous or surgical drainage
-
Fever due to malignancy will usually regress with surgical debulking, chemotherapy, and/or radiation directed at the primary tumor
-
Rheumatologic disorders may require NSAIDs, steroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or other cytotoxic agents
-
Dantrolene for malignant hypothermia
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Purpura:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Discontinue causative medications
-
Correct coagulopathies as necessary
-
Treat malignancy as necessary
-
Sun protection and avoidance of trauma will prevent actinic and age-related purpura
-
Treat stasis-associated lower extremity purpura with compression stockings, elevation, and diuretics if edema is present
-
Infections: Prompt antimicrobial treatment (e.g., doxycycline for RMSF, ceftriaxone for meningococcemia) is imperative to prevent mortality
-
Autoimmune diseases: High-dose corticosteroids followed by steroid-sparing medications (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil) for long-term treatment
-
Idiopathic pigmented purpuras are most common on the lower legs of men, and may resolve spontaneously or persist indefinitely; high potency topical steroids and oral vitamin C sometimes hasten their resolution
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Rash with Fever:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
-
Supportive management and thorough evaluation for multisystem disease is imperative in this patient subset.
-
Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for RMSF, while ceftriaxone is commonly used for meningococcal therapy; because these two diseases can present similarly and rapidly evolve, many clinicians empirically treat with both of these antibiotics until the diagnosis is confirmed
-
Unfortunately, a complete discussion of fever and rash is far beyond the scope of this brief excerpt; the importance of rapid and accurate assessment of every patient presenting with this complaint cannot be overemphasized; rule out the most serious diagnoses first, then “a watch and wait” approach may be considered
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Purpura:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- HSP: Analgesia, hydration, treat complications
–Corticosteroid use is controversial
- ITP with platelet count <20,000
–IV immunoglobulin to block macrophage receptors
–Anti-Rh immunoglobulin binds to RBCs so the spleen destroys RBCs instead of platelets, corticosteroids
–Treat to raise platelet count and decrease risk of
intracranial hemorrhage
–Emergency: Platelet transfusion
–Chronic: Immunosuppressant or splenectomy
-
Hemophilia A: Recombinant F VIII
–IV or intranasal DDAVP (desmopressin) releases F VIII and vWF from endothelial cells
-
Hemophilia B: Recombinant or plasma-derived F IX
-
DIC: Treat cause; transfuse platelets, cryoprecipitate, or fresh frozen plasma
- vWD: DDAVP or plasma-derived vWF
-
PAN: Oral or IV corticosteroid
>>>>>>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Cyclic:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
PFAPA
–Single dose prednisone with the onset of symptoms
–Prophylactic cimetidine and tonsillectomy have been
tried to prevent recurrences
-
Cyclic neutropenia
–Life-long therapy with GCSF decreases risk of infection
-
Familial Mediterranean fever
–Daily colchicine to prevent attacks and amyloidosis
-
Hyper-IgD
–Prednisone and colchicine have been used
–Even without treatment, attacks decrease with age
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept have been reported to be effective
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Recurrent:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Repeated viral illnesses
–Reassurance of the parents
–Advice on antipyretics
–Encourage fluid intake
–Limit of sick exposure if possible
-
UTI
–Antibiotics based on bacteria and sensitivity
–Prophylactic antibiotics if underlying cause is present
-
-
-
Bacterial infections: Bacteria-specific antibiotic
-
JRA, Behçet, or IBD
–Prednisone or immunosuppressive medications
-
TRAPS
–Prednisone and etanercept
-
Familial cold urticaria and Muckle-Wells syndrome
–Prednisone may be used
–If amyloidosis is present, colchicine may be required
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Unknown Origin:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Specific treatment once diagnosis is made
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics is to be considered only for critically ill patients
-
Empiric steroids may be justified only if Still disease is suspected
-
Anti-inflammatory agents are sometimes used for a limited period of time and subsequently the patient is observed for recurrence of the fever
-
Cessation of offending drugs
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever – Acute:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treating febrile episodes is common despite substantial evidence that fever is more beneficial than harmful; exception is patient with history of febrile seizures
-
Antipyretics are relatively safe drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce hypothalamic set point to normal
-
Acetaminophen is safest antipyretic for young children
-
Aspirin must be avoided (risk of Reye syndrome)
-
NSAIDs are potent antipyretics and have antiinflammatory effects
-
Physical methods (cooling blankets, lukewarm baths) may be counterproductive if not combined with an antipyretic; alcohol baths are not recommended
-
Most viral syndromes are self-limited, requiring only antipyretics and increased fluid intake for risk of dehydration
-
Empiric treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization recommended only in neonates and critically ill patients
>>>>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever:
Emergency interventions
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F, take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Allergic purpuras:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment is generally symptomatic; for example, severe allergic purpura may require steroids to relieve edema and analgesics to relieve joint and abdominal pain. Some patients with chronic renal disease may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine along with identification of the provocative allergen. An accurate allergy history is essential.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Colorado tick fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
After correct removal of the tick, supportive treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, combating secondary infection, and maintaining fluid balance. Colorado tick fever needs to be differentiated from Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Acute ITP may be allowed to run its course without intervention or may be treated with glucocorticoids or immune globulin. For chronic ITP, corticosteroids may be the initial treatment of choice. Patients who fail to respond within 1 to 4 months or who need high steroid dosage are candidates for splenectomy, which may be successful in 50% of cases. Alternative treatments include immunosuppression, high-dose gamma globulin injections, and immunoabsorption apheresis using staphylococcal protein-A columns, which filter antibodies out of the bloodstream. Anti-RhD therapy can also be useful in people with specific blood types.
Before splenectomy, the patient may require blood, blood components, and vitamin K to correct anemia and coagulation defects. After splenectomy, he may need blood and component replacement and platelet concentrate. Normally, platelets increase spontaneously after splenectomy.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Lassa fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment of Lassa fever includes I.V. ribavirin, I.V. colloids for shock, analgesics for pain, and antipyretics for fever. Infusion of immune plasma from patients who have recovered from Lassa fever may be useful, but test results on the benefit of this type of therapy are inconclusive.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Relapsing fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Doxycycline or erythromycin is the treatment of choice and should continue for 4 to 5 days. In cases of drug allergy or resistance, penicillin G may be administered as an alternative. However, neither drug should be given at the height of a severe febrile attack because it may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, resulting in malaise, rigors, leukopenia, flushing, fever, tachycardia, rising respiration rate, and hypotension. This reaction, which is caused by toxic by-products from massive spirochete destruction, can mimic septic shock and may prove fatal. Antimicrobial therapy should be postponed until the fever subsides. Until then, supportive therapy (consisting of parenteral fluids and electrolytes) should be given.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage. During the acute phase, treatment includes penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythromycin. Salicylates such as aspirin relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or salicylates fail to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used. Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the response to treatment.
After the acute phase subsides, low-dose antibiotics may be used to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 years or until age 21 (whichever is longer). Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretics. Severe mitral or aortic valve dysfunction that causes persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with prosthetic valve). Such surgery is seldom necessary before late adolescence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment requires careful removal of the tick and administration of antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or tetracycline (preferably doxycycline), until 3 days after the fever subsides. Treatment also includes symptomatic measures and, in DIC, heparin and platelet transfusion.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Emergency interventions
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a cooling blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Allergic purpura:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Most patients with Henoch-Schönlein syndrome recover completely. When therapy is required, the glucocorticoid prednisone is given in doses of 1 mg/kg, and tapered to response, to relieve edema. An analgesic may be given to relieve joint and abdominal pain. Some patients with chronic renal disease may benefit from intensive plasma exchange combined with an immunosuppressant, along with identification of the provocative allergen. An accurate allergy history is essential.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Acute ITP may be allowed to run its course without intervention or may be treated with a glucocorticoid or immune globulin. For chronic ITP, a corticosteroid may be the initial treatment of choice. Patients who fail to respond within 1 to 4 months or who need high steroid dosage are candidates for splenectomy, which has an 85% success rate. Alternative treatments include immunosuppression, high-dose I.V. gamma globulin, and immunoabsorption apheresis using staphylococcal protein-A columns.
Clinical tip Before splenectomy, the patient may require blood, blood components, or vitamin K to correct anemia and coagulation defects. After splenectomy, he may need blood and component replacement and platelet concentrate. Normally, platelets increase spontaneously after splenectomy.
The patient may find complementary therapies to be helpful. He may explore such therapies with his physician.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
Effective management eradicates the streptococcal infection, relieves symptoms, and prevents recurrence, reducing the chance of permanent cardiac damage.
Treatment in acute phase
During the acute phase, treatment includes low doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythro-mycin. Salicylates, such as aspirin, can help relieve fever and minimize joint swelling and pain; if carditis is present or the salicylate fails to relieve pain and inflammation, corticosteroids may be used.
Supportive treatment requires strict bed rest for about 5 weeks during the acute phase with active carditis, followed by a progressive increase in physical activity, depending on clinical and laboratory findings and the patient’s response to treatment.
Preventive treatment
After the acute phase subsides, the patient is maintained on low-dose antibiotic therapy, especially during the first 3 to 5 years after the initial episode of rheumatic fever, to prevent recurrence. Such preventive treatment usually continues for 5 to 10 years.
Surgery and other measures
Heart failure necessitates continued bed rest and diuretic therapy. Severe mitral or aortic valvular dysfunction causing persistent heart failure requires corrective valvular surgery, including commissurotomy (separation of the adherent, thickened leaflets of the mitral valve), valvuloplasty (inflation of a balloon within a valve), or valve replacement (with a prosthetic valve). Corrective valvular surgery is rarely necessary before late adolescence.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Fever:
Nursing considerations
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
Regularly monitor the patient’s temperature, and record it on a chart for easy follow-up of the temperature curve. Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake. When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize resultant chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule. Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing. Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
If the patient hasn’t been admitted to the facility, ask him to measure his oral temperature at home and record the time and value. Explain that fever is a response to an underlying condition that plays an important role in fighting infection. For this reason, advise him not to take an antipyretic until his body temperature reaches 101° F (38.3° C). Discuss signs and symptoms related to dehydration and when to notify the physician.
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Source: Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series, 2007
Fever:
Emergency Actions
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
If you detect a fever higher than 106° F (41.1° C), take the patient’s other vital signs and determine his level of consciousness (LOC). Administer an antipyretic and begin rapid cooling measures: Apply ice packs to the axillae and groin, give tepid sponge baths, or apply a hypothermia blanket. These methods may evoke a cooling response; to prevent this, constantly monitor the patient’s rectal temperature.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Purpura:
Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Reassure the patient that purpuric lesions aren’t permanent and will fade if the underlying cause can be successfully treated. Warn him not to use cosmetic fade creams or other products in an attempt to reduce pigmentation
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Purpura:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, including a peripheral blood smear, bone marrow examination, and blood tests to determine platelet count, bleeding and coagulation times, capillary fragility, clot retraction, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels.
▪ If the patient has a hematoma, apply pressure and cold compresses initially to help reduce bleeding and swelling. After the first 24 hours, apply hot compresses to help speed blood absorption.
Patient teaching
▪ Explain the underlying cause and treatment plan.
▪ Reassure the patient that purpuric lesions aren't permanent and will fade if the underlying cause can be successfully treated.
▪ Warn the patient not to use cosmetic fade creams or other products in an attempt to reduce pigmentation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Fever [Pyrexia]:
Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
▪ Regularly monitor and record the patient's temperature.
▪ Provide increased fluid and nutritional intake.
▪ When administering a prescribed antipyretic, minimize chills and diaphoresis by following a regular dosage schedule.
▪ Promote patient comfort by maintaining a stable room temperature and providing frequent changes of bedding and clothing.
▪ For high fevers, initiate treatment with a hypothermia blanket.
▪ Prepare the patient for laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and cultures of blood, urine, sputum, and wound drainage.
Patient teaching
▪ Instruct the patient about the proper way to take an oral temperature at home.
▪ Emphasize the importance of increased fluid intake.
▪ Discuss the proper use of antipyretics and antibiotics.
▪ Teach signs and symptoms that require immediate medical attention.
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Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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