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Is there blood in the stool? From the algorithm, blood in the stool should indicate that there is
Salmonella
,
Shigella
,
Campylobacter jejuni
, ulcerative colitis, and amebic dysentery. Without blood in the ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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...
Is there a positive drug or alcohol history? It is well known that alcohol can cause diarrhea, as do drugs in common use, such as digitalis, diuretics, beta-blockers, aspirin, colchicine, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the volume of bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is designated as being of less than 4 weeks’ duration. Many patients describe increased frequency or decreased consistency of bowel movements as diarrhea, so the clinician should be certain to... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea is defined as increased volume bowel movements persisting for more than 4 weeks. Mechanisms of diarrhea are categorized as increased secretion, decreased absorption, osmotic diarrhea, or abnormal intestinal motility. Many patients... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Acute diarrhea is an abrupt onset of increased fluid content of stool above about 10 mL/kg/day and increased frequency from 4–5 to more than 20 times daily. It is a major problem worldwide because of excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes in stool. In the U.S., every year diarrhea... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is classified as chronic when it lasts longer than 2 weeks. Per liter,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is considered chronic when it last longer than 14 days. Weight loss with diarrhea should always be concerning and deserves thorough investigation. Collectively the malabsorption syndromes are the most common etiologic factors.
... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The differential diagnosis of diarrhea may be approached from either an anatomic or a physiologic basis. The anatomic approach is used in Table 22. In the stomach and duodenum, pernicious anemia and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows a loss or an impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from many GI, neurologic, and psychological disorders; the effects of drugs; or surgery. In some patients, it may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Acute Diarrhea
Infections
Viral gastroenteritis (adenovirus, Norwalk agent, rotavirus, etc.)
Bacterial
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel elimination habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows any loss or impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from various GI, neurologic, and psychological disorders; the effects of drugs; or surgery. In some patients, it may even be a purposeful manipulative... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Francis G. O’Connor
Diarrhea is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered by primary care providers. Although diarrhea infrequently requires a significant diagnostic evaluation and no more than symptomatic oral rehydration and reassurance, in... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing (5) ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral gastroenteritis
❑ Staphylococcal enterotoxin
❑ E. coli
❑ Salmonella
❑ Campylobacter ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Altered Intestinal Motility
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Diabetic enteropathy
Inflammatory ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal impaction... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Definedas stools that are more fluid and frequent than normal. Can be acute or chronic (>2–3wks in duration). Acute diarrhea is discussed in first section ofthis chapter, and chronic diarrhea is discussed in second section. Principle Causes of ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Diarrhea ... Principle Causes of Chronic Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Chronic Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic Diarrhea ... References
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... Definedas fecal soiling beyond 4 yrs of age. Until this age, children arelearning normal bowel control and bowel habits. Primary fecal incontinence exists whenchild has never achieved adequate bowel control; secondary fecalincontinence exists when child begins to soil after... Principal Causes of Fecal Incontinence ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute infection, stress, fecal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Fecal incontinence, the involuntary passage of feces, follows a loss or an impairment of external anal sphincter control. It can result from many GI, neurologic, and psychological disorders; the effects of drugs; or surgery. In some patients, it may even be a purposeful... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Acute diarrhea is most likely infectious. Beginning with the smallest
organism and working up to the largest will help recall the most common
types of infectious diarrhea. The smallest organism prompts the recall of
viral gastroenteritis. A midsized organism... Pictures
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...
The differential diagnosis of diarrhea may be approached from either an
anatomic or a physiologic basis. The anatomic approach is used in
Table 22. In the stomach and duodenum, pernicious
anemia and
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... Christina Lin Master
Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea
I. Definition of the Complaint
Diarrhea is one of the most common reasons for which ... Pictures
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... I. History of Present Illness
A 2-month-old male child presented with vomiting and diarrhea. He had been
discharged from the hospital 3 days earlier, with a diagnosis of
gastroesophageal reflux based on ... Pictures
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... I. History of Present Illness
A 15-month-old boy presented with a 3-month history of watery diarrhea
associated with weight loss. At 12 months of age, he developed diarrhea
characterized by six to eight ... Pictures
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... Edisio Semeao, MD Chronic Diarrhea - BASICS Chronic Diarrhea - description Diarrhea lasting >2–4 weeks, whereas acute diarrhea, generally caused by enteric pathogens, is self-limiting and duration of ... Chronic Diarrhea - DIAGNOSIS ... Chronic Diarrhea - TREATMENT ... Chronic Diarrhea - bibliography ... Chronic Diarrhea - CODES ... Chronic Diarrhea - FAQ
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... Daniel H. Leung, MD Diarrhea - BASICS Diarrhea - description Diarrhea is an increase in frequency, volume, or fluidity of a patient’s stool as compared to the normal bowel movement pattern. Diarrhea... Diarrhea - DIAGNOSIS ... Diarrhea - TREATMENT ... Diarrhea - FOLLOW UP ... Diarrhea - bibliography ... Diarrhea - CODES
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