Diseases » Digestive Diseases

Nausea and Vomiting*

Nausea and Vomiting*: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis

Central Nervous System Disorders

Increased intracranial pressure
   Head trauma
   Central nervous system neoplasms
   Meningitis, encephalitis
   Hydrocephalus
   Pseudotumor
   Reye's syndrome
Vestibular or middle ear disease
   Motion sickness
   Ménière's disease
   Acoustic neuroma
   Labyrinthitis
   Ear infections
Eye disorders
   Glaucoma
   Refractive error
Vascular causes
   Migraine headache
   Migraine equivalent
Psychiatric causes
   Cyclical vomiting syndrome
   Psychogenic vomiting
   Self-induced (anorexia, bulimia)
   Concealed vomiting
   Erotic vomiting
   Conditioned reflexes
   Drug withdrawal
   Rumination

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Mechanical intestinal obstruction
Inflammatory/mass effect
   Gastroesophageal reflux disease
   Peptic ulcer disease
   Gastritis
   Bile reflux gastritis
   Crohn's disease
   Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
   Pancreatic pseudocyst
   Carcinoma/lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract or pancreaticobiliary system
   Abdominal carcinomatosis
   Graft-versus-host disease
   Duodenal hematoma
   Pneumatosis intestinalis
   Intestinal ischemia
   Prior gastric surgery
Visceral pain
   Severe pain of any cause
   Pancreatitis
   Cholecystitis
   Biliary stricture
   Choledocholithiasis
   Appendicitis
   Peritonitis
   Perforation
Functional intestinal obstruction
   Gastroparesis
       Diabetes
       Scleroderma
       Amyloidosis
       Metabolic
       Postoperative (postvagotomy)
       Postviral
       Idiopathic
   Pseudo-obstruction
       Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
       Colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)
   Adynamic ileus
   Gastric motility disorders
   Irritable bowel syndrome
   Nonulcer dyspepsia

Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Infections

Acute infections (especially children)
Systemic infections and sepsis
Food poisoning
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Helicobacter pylori   infection
Hepatitis
Epidemic vomiting (Norwalk, Hawaii agent, etc.)
Viral gastroenteritis
Intestinal parasitic infestation
Gastric herpes, cytomegalovirus (CMV) (immunocompromised host)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Uremia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Adrenal insufficiency

Genitourinary Disorders

Pyelonephritis
Obstructive uropathy
Renal calculi
Salpingitis
Endometritis
Endometriosis

Drugs

Chemotherapeutic agents
Antiarrhythmics
Antibiotics
Anticholinergic drugs
Cardiac glycosides (digitalis)
Ergot alkaloids
Estrogens, oral contraceptives
Theophylline
Colchicine
Narcotics
Ipecac
Potassium chloride

Toxins

Alcohol
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Heavy metals
Illicit drugs

Other

Acute myocardial infarction
Congestive heart failure
Radiation sickness
Radiation therapy

References

1. Ouyang A: Approach to the Patient with Nausea and Vomiting, pp. 647–659. See Bibliography, 5.
2. Lee M, Feldman M: Nausea and Vomiting, pp. 117–127. See Bibliography, 1.
3. Achord JL: Nausea and Vomiting, pp. 41–48. See Bibliography, 2.

*The causes of nausea and vomiting are innumerable; this list is not intended to include them all. The important categories of disorders with vomiting as a major symptom are listed, and several examples of each are given.   

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

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