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Treatments for Diseases contagious from blood transfusion

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Blood transfusion reaction: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

At the first sign of a hemolytic reaction, stop the transfusion immediately. Depending on the nature of the patient’s reaction, prepare to:

❑ monitor vital signs every 15 to 30 minutes, watching for signs of shock

❑ maintain a patent I.V. line with normal saline solution; insert an indwelling catheter and monitor intake and output

❑ cover the patient with blankets to ease chills, and explain what’s happening

❑ deliver supplemental oxygen at low flow rates through a nasal cannula or bag-valve-mask (handheld resuscitation bag)

❑ give drugs as ordered: an I.V. antihypotensive drug and normal saline solution to combat shock, epinephrine to treat dyspnea and wheezing, diphenhydramine to combat cellular histamine released from mast cells, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and mannitol or furosemide to maintain urinary function. Administer parenteral antihistamines and corticosteroids for allergic reactions. (Severe reactions such as anaphylaxis may require epinephrine.) Administer antipyretics for nonhemolytic febrile reactions and appropriate I.V. antibiotics for bacterial contamination.

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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005



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