Cavernous sinus thrombosis is heralded by the development of diplopia in a patient suffering infection of the paranasal sinus infection. It is generally a fulminant process with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, the incidence of cavernous sinus thrombosis has decreased greatly with the advent of effective antimicrobial agents. Prior to the advent of effective antimicrobial agents, the mortality rate from CST was effectively 100%. Typically, death is due to sepsis or central nervous system infection. Roughly one sixth of patients are left with some degree of visual impairment, and one half have cranial nerve deficits. Cavernous sinus thrombosis must be differentiated from conditions such cellulitis, subarchnoid haemorrhage, subdural haematoma, orbital and periorbital infections. Mortality rate of cavernous sinus thrombosis is high and most of the patients suffer from permanent damage.
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