...
Is there galactorrhea? Of course, the most common cause of galactorrhea would be the galactorrhea following pregnancy and delivery. However, if there is galactorrhea, one should consider the possibility that the patient is taking drugs, including ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Amenorrhea (absence of menses) can be transient, intermittent, or permanent. It may result from dysfunction of the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, uterus, or vagina. Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menarche by age 16; secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses in women... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for 6 months in a woman with previously regular menstrual cycles, or 12 months in a woman whose periods had been irregular.
Differential Diagnosis
Pregnancy
–Most ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Menarche occurs at an average age of 12.7 years in the U.S. Primary amenorrhea occurs when menarche remains absent at age 16, or if 5 years have passed since the onset of puberty and menarche has not begun.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Combining the anatomy of the female genital tract with the endocrine system will key in on the major sources of absent or diminished menstrual flow. It is perhaps best to begin at the bottom and work upward to the head.
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The absence of menstrual flow, amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. With primary amenorrhea, menstruation fails to begin before age 16. With secondary amenorrhea, it begins at an appropriate age, but later ceases for 3 or more months... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Extraluminal compression
Congenital abnormalities
Annular pancreas
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Hypothalamic and Pituitary Causes
Androgen excess
Chorionic gonadotropin-secreting tumors
Chronic debilitating diseases (e.g., liver disease, uremia, regional ileitis)
Congenital
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence or suppression of menstruation. Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menarche in an adolescent (by age 18). Secondary amenorrhea is the failure of menstruation for at least 3 months after normal onset of menarche.
... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity. The most common site is the fallopian tube (more than 90% of ectopic implantations occur in the fimbria, ampulla, or isthmus), but other possible sites include the interstitium... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur gradually... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The absence of menstrual flow, amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. In primary amenorrhea, menstruation fails to begin before age 16. In secondary amenorrhea, it begins at an appropriate age but later ceases for 3 or more months in the absence of normal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... L. Allen Dobson, Jr.
Pregnancy is the most common cause of amenorrhea. Evaluation and diagnosis of the other causes of amenorrhea are possible by use of a simple workup scheme (section V).
Approach Cyclic menstrual... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Differential Overview
❑ Pregnancy
❑ Menopause
❑ Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
❑ Drugs
❑ Anorexia nervosa ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur gradually or suddenly.... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The absence of menstrual flow, amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. With primary amenorrhea, menstruation fails to begin before age 16. With secondary amenorrhea, it begins at an appropriate age but later ceases for 3 or more months in the absence... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur gradually or suddenly... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... The absence of menstrual flow, amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. With primary amenorrhea, menstruation fails to begin before age 16. With secondary amenorrhea, it begins at an appropriate age, but later ceases for 3 or more... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Combining the anatomy of the female genital tract with the
endocrine system will key in on the major sources of absent or diminished
menstrual flow. It is perhaps best to begin at the bottom and work upward to
the head.
... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
Pregnancy can present a variety of challenges to women with epilepsy. Learn what you can do to keep your baby healthy.
How quickly you become fertile after a pregnancy varies. And if you are interested in birth control you have a few options. Learn about the methods...
After nine months of doctor's visits, large clothing, physical discomfort and joyous expectation, a mother finally reaches the last stages of...
Drugs receive special scrutiny for safety when used by pregnant women. How do the drugs used to control asthma compare? Listen in as experts explain.