The list of treatments mentioned in various sources for Embolism includes the following list. Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment or change in treatment plans.
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Oxygen, anticoagulants, surgical embolectomy, supportive care (I.V. fluids, bed rest, analgesics)
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
In pulmonary embolism, treatment is designed to maintain adequate cardiovascular and pulmonary function during resolution of the obstruction and to prevent recurrence of embolic episodes.
Because most emboli resolve within 10 to 14 days, treatment consists of oxygen therapy, as needed, and anticoagulation with heparin to inhibit new thrombus formation. Heparin therapy is monitored by daily coagulation studies (partial thromboplastin time [PTT]). Low-molecular-weight hep-arin has been used successfully for intramuscular injections.
Long-term therapy with oral anticoagulants such as warfarin is used to prevent recurrence.
Patients with massive pulmonary embolism and shock may need fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase, streptokinase, or a tissue plasminogen activator to enhance fibrinolysis of the pulmo-nary emboli and remaining thrombi. Emboli that cause hypotension may require the use of vasopressors. Treatment of septic emboli requires antibiotics, not anticoagulants, and evaluation for the infection’s source, particularly endocarditis.
Interruption of the inferior vena cava is used for patients who can’t take anticoagulants, who have recurrent emboli during anticoagulant therapy, or who have been treated with thrombolytic agents or pulmonary thromboend-arterectomy.
Surgery (which shouldn’t be done without angiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism) consists of vena caval ligation, plication, or insertion of a device (umbrella filter) to filter blood returning to the heart and lungs. To prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism, a combination of heparin and dihydroergotamine may be given.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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