Prevalence and Incidence of Encephaloceles
Prevalance of Encephaloceles:
rare ... see also overview of Encephaloceles.
Encephaloceles: Rare Disease
Encephaloceles is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that Encephaloceles, or a subtype of Encephaloceles,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Encephaloceles Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence (annual) of Encephaloceles:
1.7 per 10,000 births in the UK 2002 for encephalocele (University of Ulster, 2003) ... see also overview of Encephaloceles.
Incidence Rate:
approx 1 in 400,000 or 0.00% or 680 people in USA [Source statistic for calcuation: "1.7 per 10,000 births in the UK 2002 for encephalocele (University of Ulster, 2003)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Incidence extrapolations for USA for Encephaloceles:
680 per year,
56 per month,
13 per week,
1 per day,
0 per hour,
0 per minute,
0 per second.
[Source statistic for calculation: "1.7 per 10,000 births in the UK 2002 for encephalocele (University of Ulster, 2003)" -- see also general information about data sources]
Incidence statistics for Encephaloceles:
The following statistics relate to the incidence of Encephaloceles:
- 0 infants were born alive with encephalocele in the UK 2002 (University of Ulster, 2003)
- 1 fetal deaths or still births occurred due to encephalocele in the UK 2002 (University of Ulster, 2003)
- 5 cases of induced abortions occurred following prenatal diagnosis of encephalocele in the UK 2002 (University of Ulster, 2003)
- Encephalocele occurred in 1.7 per 10,000 births in the UK 2002 (University of Ulster, 2003)
- more statistics...»
More Statistics about Encephaloceles:
Hospitalization statistics
All statistics for Encephaloceles
Prevalence/Incidence of Encephaloceles: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Encephaloceles.
Headache:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Most chronic headaches result from tension (muscle contraction), which may be caused by emotional stress, fatigue, menstruation, or environmental stimuli (noise, crowds, or bright lights). Other possible causes include glaucoma; inflammation of the eyes or mucosa of the nasal or paranasal sinuses; diseases of the scalp, teeth, extracranial arteries, or external or middle ear; muscle spasms of the face, neck, or shoulders; and cervical arthritis. In addition, headaches may be caused by vasodilators (nitrates, alcohol, and histamine), systemic disease, hypoxia, hypertension, head trauma and tumor, intracranial bleeding, abscess, or aneurysm.
The cause of migraine headache is unknown, but it’s associated with constriction and dilation of intracranial and extracranial arteries. Certain biochemical abnormalities are thought to occur during a migraine attack. These include local leakage of a vasodilator polypeptide called neurokinin through the dilated arteries and a decrease in the plasma level of serotonin.
Headache pain may emanate from the pain-sensitive structures of the skin, scalp, muscles, arteries, and veins; cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X; or cervical nerves 1, 2, and 3. Intracranial mechanisms of headaches include traction or displacement of arteries, venous sinuses, or venous tributaries and inflammation or direct pressure on the cranial nerves with afferent pain fibers.
Affecting up to 10% of Americans, headaches are more common in females and have a strong familial incidence.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Meningococcal infections:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Meningococcal infections usually occur among children (ages 6 months to 1 year) and men, usually military recruits or those enrolled at institutions, such as colleges, because of overcrowding.
N. meningitidis has seven serogroups (A, B, C, D, X, Y, and Z); group A causes most epidemics. Transmission takes place through inhalation of an infected droplet from a carrier (an estimated 2% to 38% of the population). The bacteria localize in the nasopharynx. After incubating approximately 3 to 4 days, they spread through the bloodstream to joints, skin, adrenal glands, lungs, and the central nervous system. The tissue damage that results (possibly due to the effects of bacterial endotoxins) produces symptoms and, in fulminating meningococcemia and meningococcal bacteremia, hemorrhage, thrombosis, and necrosis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Encephaloceles usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Encephaloceles at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Encephaloceles refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Encephaloceles diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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