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Malignant spinal neoplasms:
Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Extramedullary tumors produce symptoms by pressing on nerve roots, the spinal cord, and spinal vessels; intramedullary tumors, by destroying the parenchyma and compressing adjacent areas. Because intramedullary tumors may extend over several spinal cord segments, their symptoms are more variable than those of extramedullary tumors.
The following clinical effects are likely with all malignant spinal cord neoplasms:
❑Pain — Most severe directly over the tumor, radiates around the trunk or down the limb on the affected side and is unrelieved by bed rest. It may worsen when lying down or with straining, coughing, or sneezing. Pain can be diffuse, occurring over all extremities. Generally, it progressively worsens and isn't relieved by medication.
❑ Motor symptoms — Asymmetric spastic muscle weakness, decreased muscle tone, exaggerated reflexes, and a positive Babinski's sign. If the tumor is at the level of the cauda equina, muscle flaccidity, muscle wasting, weakness, and progressive diminution in tendon reflexes are characteristic.
❑ Sensory deficits — Contralateral loss of pain, temperature, and touch sensation (Brown-Séquard's syndrome). These losses are less obvious to the patient than functional motor changes. Caudal lesions invariably produce paresthesias in the nerve distribution pathway of the involved roots.
❑Bowel and bladder symptoms — Urine retention is an inevitable late sign with cord compression. Early signs include incomplete emptying or difficulty with the urine stream, which is usually unnoticed or ignored. Cauda equina tumors cause bladder and bowel incontinence due to flaccid paralysis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Multiple endocrine neoplasia:
Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Clinical effects of MEN may develop in various combinations and orders, depending on the glands involved. The most common manifestation of MEN I is hyperparathyroidism, followed by ulcer due to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (marked by increased gastrin production from non-beta islet cell tumors of the pancreas). Hypoglycemia may result from pancreatic beta islet cell tumors, with increased insulin production. When MEN I affects the parathyroids, it produces signs of hyperparathyroidism, including hypercalcemia (because the parathyroids are primarily responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels). When MEN causes pituitary tumor, it’s most commonly a prolactinoma, but can be a growth hormone or corticotropin, or even a nonsecretory adenoma.
Characteristic features of MEN II with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid include enlarged thyroid mass, with resultant increased calcitonin and, occasionally, ectopic corticotropin, causing Cushing’s syndrome. With tumors of the adrenal medulla, symptoms include headache, tachyarrhythmias, and hypertension; with adenomatosis or hyperplasia of the parathyroids, symptoms result from renal calculi.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
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About signs and symptoms of Endocrine system cancer:
The symptom information on this page
attempts to provide a list of some possible signs and symptoms of Endocrine system cancer.
This signs and symptoms information for Endocrine system cancer has been gathered from various sources,
may not be fully accurate,
and may not be the full list of Endocrine system cancer signs or Endocrine system cancer symptoms.
Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Endocrine system cancer may vary on an individual basis for each patient.
Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether they
are indeed Endocrine system cancer symptoms.
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