Causes of Enlarged prostate
List of causes of Enlarged prostate
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Enlarged prostate)
that could possibly cause Enlarged prostate includes:
Enlarged prostate Causes: Book Excerpts
Enlarged prostate as a symptom:
Conditions listing Enlarged prostate
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Enlarged prostate.
Our database lists the following as having
Enlarged prostate as a symptom of that condition:
Medications or substances causing Enlarged prostate:
The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible
causes of Enlarged prostate as a symptom.
This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances
may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
Read more about medication causes of Enlarged prostate
What causes Enlarged prostate?
Article excerpts about the
causes of Enlarged prostate:
The cause of BPH is not well understood. For centuries, it has been
known that BPH occurs mainly in older men and that it doesn't develop in
men whose testes were removed before puberty. For this reason, some
researchers believe that factors related to aging and the testes may spur
the development of BPH.
Throughout their lives, men produce both testosterone, an important
male hormone, and small amounts of estrogen, a female hormone. As men age,
the amount of active testosterone in the blood decreases, leaving a higher
proportion of estrogen. Studies done with animals have suggested that BPH
may occur because the higher amount of estrogen within the gland increases
the activity of substances that promote cell growth.
Another theory focuses on dihydrotes-tosterone (DHT), a substance
derived from testosterone in the prostate, which may help control its
growth. Most animals lose their ability to produce DHT as they age.
However, some research has indicated that even with a drop in the blood's
testosterone level, older men continue to produce and accumulate high
levels of DHT in the prostate. This accumulation of DHT may encourage the
growth of cells. Scientists have also noted that men who do not produce
DHT do not develop BPH.
Some researchers suggest that BPH may develop as a result of
"instructions" given to cells early in life. According to this theory, BPH
occurs because cells in one section of the gland follow these instructions
and "reawaken" later in life. These "reawakened" cells then deliver
signals to other cells in the gland, instructing them to grow or making
them more sensitive to hormones that influence growth.
(Source: excerpt from Prostate Enlargement Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: NIDDK)
Related information on causes of Enlarged prostate:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Enlarged prostate may be found in:
Causes of Enlarged prostate: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Enlarged prostate.
Enlarged Anterior Fontanelle:
Differential Diagnosis
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
- Hypothyroidism
–Primary congenital hypothyroidism occurs in 1/4,000 live births, more in females (2:1)
–Ectopic thyroid gland is the most common etiology; may also be caused by thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid dyshormonogenesis, hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroidism
–Physical findings include prolonged jaundice, macroglossia, doughy skin, umbilical hernia, weak hoarse cry, hypotonia, poor feeding, sparse hair, dry skin, constipation, abdominal distension, poor growth, developmental delay, slow deep-tendon reflexes, broad flat nose
–Acquired hypothyroidism is most commonly due to iodine deficiency or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
- Increased intracranial pressure
–Usually accompanied by increased head circumference
–Hydrocephalus
–Trauma
–Acute CNS infections (meningitis or
encephalitis)
- Skeletal dysplasias
–Rickets
–Achondroplasia
–Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Genetic/chromosomal disorders
–Down syndrome (trisomy 21): Associated with mental retardation, hypotonia, epicanthal folds, slanted palpebral fissures, small ears, Brushfield spots of iris, clinodactyly, single palmar crease, cardiac defects, brachycephaly, protruding tongue, short neck, large space between first and second toes
–Apert syndrome
–Trisomy 13
–Trisomy 18
–Silver-Russell syndrome
–Cleidocranial dysostosis
–Kenny syndrome
-
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
-
Intrauterine growth retardation
-
Zellweger (cerebrohepatorenal) syndrome
-
Hurler syndrome (type I mucopolysaccharidosis)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Evidence suggests a link between BPH and hormonal activity. As males age, production of androgenic hormones decreases, causing an imbalance in androgen and estrogen levels, and high levels of dihydrotestosterone, the main prostatic intracellular androgen. Other causes include neoplasm, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, inflammation, and metabolic or nutritional disturbances.
Whatever the cause, BPH begins with changes in periurethral glandular tissue. As the prostate enlarges, it may extend into the bladder and obstruct urinary outflow by compressing or distorting the prostatic urethra. BPH may also cause a pouch to form in the bladder that retains urine when the rest of the bladder empties. This retained urine may lead to calculus formation or cystitis.
The likelihood of developing an enlarged prostate increases with age. A small amount of prostate enlargement is present in many males older than age 40 and more than 90% of males older than age 80. It’s estimated that by 2006, 115 million men age 50 and older will develop BPH. Blacks, with an incidence rate of 224.3 cases per 100,000 people, are at the greatest risk, present with more advanced disease, and have a poorer diagnosis. Whites, by comparison, have an incidence of 150.3 cases per 100,000 people while Asians have an incidence of 82.2 cases per 100,000 people.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Prostatic cancer:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Four factors have been suspected in the development of prostatic cancer: family or racial predisposition, exposure to environmental elements, co-existing sexually transmitted diseases, and endogenous hormonal influence. Eating fat-containing animal products has also been implicated. Although androgens regulate prostate growth and function and may also speed tumor growth, no definite link between increased androgen levels and prostatic cancer has been found. When primary prostatic lesions metastasize, they typically invade the prostatic capsule and spread along the ejaculatory ducts in the space between the seminal vesicles or perivesicular fascia.
Incidence is highest in Blacks and lowest in Asians. In fact, Black Americans have the highest prostate cancer incidence in the world and are considered at high risk for the disease. Incidence also increases with age more rapidly than any other cancer.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Prostatitis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
About 80% of bacterial prostatitis cases result from infection by Escherichia coli; the rest are due to infection by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, or Staphylococcus. These organisms probably spread to the prostate by the bloodstream or from ascending urethral infection, invasion of rectal bacteria via lymphatics, reflux of infected bladder urine into the prostate ducts or, less commonly, infrequent or excessive sexual intercourse or such procedures as cystoscopy or catheterization. Chronic prostatitis usually results from bacterial invasion from the urethra.
It’s estimated that 2 of every 10,000 people who seek outpatient care do so because of prostatitis. As many as 35% of males older than age 50 have chronic prostatitis; about 50% of males will be diagnosed with prostatitis at some point in their lives.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Prostate Abnormality:
Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
❑ Benign prostatic hypertrophy
❑ Acute bacterial prostatitis
❑ Chronic prostatitis
❑ Adenocarcinoma
❑ Prostatic calculus
❑ Prostatic abscess
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Recent evidence suggests a link between BPH and hormonal activity. As men age, production of androgenic hormones decreases, causing an imbalance in androgen and estrogen levels and high levels of dihydrotestosterone, the main prostatic intracellular androgen. Other causes include neoplasm, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, and metabolic or nutritional disturbances.
Whatever the cause, BPH begins with changes in periurethral glandular tissue. As the prostate enlarges, it may extend into the bladder and obstruct urinary outflow by compressing or distorting the prostatic urethra. BPH may also cause a pouch to form in the bladder that retains urine when the rest of the bladder empties. This retained urine may lead to calculus formation or cystitis.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Prostatic cancer:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Although androgens regulate prostate growth and function and may also speed tumor growth, no definite link between increased androgen levels and prostatic cancer has been found. When primary prostatic lesions metastasize, they typically invade the prostatic capsule and spread along the ejaculatory ducts in the space between the seminal vesicles or perivesicular fascia.
Prostatic cancer accounts for about 18% of all cancers. The incidence is highest in Blacks and lowest in Asians. Incidence also increases with age more rapidly than any other cancer.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Prostatitis:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
About 80% of bacterial prostatitis cases result from infection by Escherichia coli; the rest, from infection by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudo-monas, Streptococcus, or Staphylococcus. These organisms probably spread to the prostate by the bloodstream or from ascending urethral infection, invasion of rectal bacteria via lymphatics, reflux of infected bladder urine into prostate ducts or, less commonly, infrequent or excessive sexual intercourse or such procedures as cystoscopy or catheterization. Chronic prostatitis usually results from bacterial invasion from the urethra. It’s a major cause of recurrent UTI in men.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Scrotal Enlargement:
Principal Causes of Scrotal Enlargement
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
- Painfulscrotal enlargement
- Testicular
- Torsion of the testis
- Orchitis
- Trauma
- Nontesticular
- Torsion of appendages of the testisand epididymis
- Epididymitis
- Incarcerated inguinal hernia
- Nonpainful scrotal enlargement
- Testicular
- In uterotorsion
- Tumor
- Nontesticular
- Inguinal hernia
- Hydrocele
- Spermatocele
- Varicocele
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Kawasaki disease
- Meconium peritonitis
- Tumors of the epididymis, spermaticcord, or scrotal wall
- Generalized edema
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics, 2006
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