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Diagnosis is difficult in many cases because of the abrupt onset of enterocolitis and the emergency situation it creates, so consideration of patient history is essential. A rectal biopsy through sigmoidoscopy confirms pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Stool cultures can identify C. difficile.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
With this disorder, diagnosis is difficult because of the abrupt onset of enterocolitis and the emergency situation it creates; therefore, consideration of patient history is essential. A rectal biopsy through sigmoidoscopy confirms pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Stool cultures can identify C. difficile.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Successful treatment of NEC relies on early recognition based on the following diagnostic test results:
❑ Abdominal X-rays confirm the diagnosis by showing nonspecific intestinal dilation and, in later stages of NEC, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (gas or air in the intestinal wall). Portal vein gas and fixed or thickened small bowel loops are also important radiographic findings. Sequential screening films are taken every 6 to 8 hours during the early disease stages.
❑ Platelet count may show thrombocytopenia.
❑ Serum sodium levels are decreased.
❑ Arterial blood gas (ABG) levels show metabolic acidosis (a result of sepsis).
❑ Bilirubin levels show infection-induced breakdown of red blood cells.
❑ Blood and stool cultures identify the infecting organism.
❑ Guaiac test detects occult blood in stools.
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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