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The exact cause of pseudomembranous enterocolitis is unknown; however, Clostridium difficile is thought to produce a toxin that may play a role in its development. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis has occurred postoperatively in debilitated patients who undergo abdominal surgery and in patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Whatever the cause, necrotic mucosa is replaced by a pseudomembrane filled with staphylococci, leukocytes, mucus, fibrin, and inflammatory cells.
Incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea varies from 5% to 39%, depending on the antibiotic. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis complicates 10% of these cases.
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
The term 'prevalence' of Enterocolitis usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Enterocolitis at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Enterocolitis refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Enterocolitis diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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