Causes of Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr virus Causes: Book Excerpts
Related information on causes of Epstein-Barr virus:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Epstein-Barr virus may be found in:
Causes of Epstein-Barr virus: Online Medical Books
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Genital herpes:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Genital herpes is usually caused by infection with herpes simplex virus Type 2, but some studies report increasing incidence of infection with herpes simplex virus Type 1. This disease is typically transmitted through sexual intercourse, orogenital sexual activity, kissing, and hand-to-body contact. Pregnant women may transmit the infection to neonates during vaginal delivery if an active infection is present. Such transmitted infection may be localized (for instance, in the eyes) or disseminated and may be associated with central nervous system involvement.
An estimated 86 million people worldwide are thought to have genital herpes.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Herpes simplex:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
About 85% of all HVH infections are subclinical; the others produce localized lesions and systemic reactions. After the first infection, a patient is a carrier susceptible to recurrent infections, which may be provoked by fever, menses, stress, heat, and cold. However, the patient usually has no constitutional signs and symptoms in recurrent infections.
Primary HVH is the leading cause of childhood gingivostomatitis in children ages 1 to 3. It causes the most common form of nonepidemic encephalitis and is the second most common viral infection in pregnant women. It can pass to the fetus transplacentally and, in early pregnancy, may cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth.
Herpes infection is equally common in males and females. Worldwide in distribution, it's most prevalent among children in lower socioeconomic groups who live in crowded environments. Saliva, stool, skin lesions, purulent eye exudate, and urine are potential sources of infection.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Herpes simplex:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Herpes simplex is caused by Herpes-virus hominis (HVH), a widespread infectious agent. Type 1 herpes, which is transmitted by oral and respiratory secretions, affects the skin and mucous membranes and commonly produces cold sores and fever blisters.
Type 2 herpes primarily affects the genital area and is transmitted by sexual contact. Cross-infection may result from orogenital sex.
Incidence
Primary HVH is the leading cause of gingivostomatitis in children ages 1 to 3. It causes the most common nonepidemic encephalitis and is the second most common viral infection in pregnant women. It can pass to the fetus transplacentally and, in early pregnancy, may cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth.
Herpes is equally common in males and females. It occurs worldwide and is most prevalent among children in lower socioeconomic groups who live in crowded environments. Saliva, stool, urine, skin lesions, and purulent eye exudate are potential sources of infection.
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Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Epstein Barr Virus (Infectious Mononucleosis):
Epstein Barr Virus - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Replicates initially in the oropharyngeal epithelium
- Selective infection of B lymphocytes occurs.
- The clinical syndrome of infectious mononucleosis results from proliferation of cells in the tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen.
- Nonspecific humoral immune responses include the formation of heterophile antibodies and autoantibodies.
- Specific antibodies to EBV antigens are produced.
- Despite humoral responses, cellular immunity is responsible for controlling EBV infection.
- Latent, lifelong infection of B lymphocytes occurs.
- Latent virus may be reactivated during periods of immunosuppression.
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Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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