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Diseases » Female infertility » Treatments
 

Treatments for Female infertility

Treatments for Female infertility

The list of treatments mentioned in various sources for Female infertility includes the following list. Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment or change in treatment plans.

  • Clomid - fertility drug
  • Hormone stimulators
    • Pergonal
    • Metrodin
    • Humegon
    • Fertinex
  • Parlodel (bromocriptine mesylate) - for high prolactin levels.
  • Hormone pump - releases gonadotropins
  • Surgery
  • Assisted conception
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
    • In vitro fertilization (IVF) - the "test tube baby" technology.
    • Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) - placement of an egg with sperm in fallopian tubes; used when female's tubes are normal.
    • Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) - a combination of IVF and GIFT; transfer of a single cell zygote.
    • Pronuclear stage transfer (PROST) - early stage transfer of the sperm and ovum before a fully formed gamete has occurred.
    • Tubal embryo stage transfer (TEST) - similar to ZIFT but transferring a multi-cell embryo (2-call, 4-cell, 8-cell).
    • Micro-injection fallopian transfer (MIF) - microscopic injection of a sperm into an ovum and transfer to fallopian tubes. Useful for low sperm counts.
    • Donor egg IVF - use of a donor female ovum with IVF (or any type of ART)
    • Frozen embryos
  • Ovulation stimulating medications - see also treatment of anovulation
  • Treatment of any underlying cause
  • See also treatment of infertility
  • See also treatment of male infertility
  • See also treatment of female infertility

Female infertility: Is the Diagnosis Correct?

The first step in getting correct treatment is to get a correct diagnosis. Differential diagnosis list for Female infertility may include:

Hidden causes of Female infertility may be incorrectly diagnosed:

Female infertility: Marketplace Products, Discounts & Offers

Products, offers and promotion categories available for Female infertility:

Female infertility: Research Doctors & Specialists

Research all specialists including ratings, affiliations, and sanctions.

Drugs and Medications used to treat Female infertility:

Note:You must always seek professional medical advice about any prescription drug, OTC drug, medication, treatment or change in treatment plans.

Some of the different medications used in the treatment of Female infertility include:

  • Chorionic Gonadotropin (human)
  • Novarel
  • Pregnyl
  • Humegon
  • Profasi HP
  • Chorionic Gonadotropin (recombinant)
  • Ovidrel
  • Follitropin beta
  • Follistim
  • Follitropin Alfa
  • Gonal-F
  • Lutropin Alfa
  • Luveris
  • Menotropins
  • Repronex
  • Pergonal

Latest treatments for Female infertility:

The following are some of the latest treatments for Female infertility:

Hospital statistics for Female infertility:

These medical statistics relate to hospitals, hospitalization and Female infertility:

  • 0.13% (16,268) of hospital consultant episodes were for female infertility in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
  • 100% of hospital consultant episodes for female infertility required hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
  • 100% of hospital consultant episodes for female infertility were for women in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
  • 1% of hospital consultant episodes for female infertility required emergency hospital admission in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
  • 1.5 days was the mean length of stay in hospitals for female infertility in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
  • more hospital information...»

Hospitals & Medical Clinics: Female infertility

Research quality ratings and patient incidents/safety measures for hospitals and medical facilities in specialties related to Female infertility:

Hospital & Clinic quality ratings » »

Choosing the Best Treatment Hospital: More general information, not necessarily in relation to Female infertility, on hospital and medical facility performance and surgical care quality:

Discussion of treatments for Female infertility:

Infertility: NWHIC (Excerpt)

Depending on what the tests turn up, different treatments are recommended. Eighty to 90 percent of infertility cases are treated with drugs or surgery.

Therapy with the fertility drug Clomid or with a more potent hormone stimulator--Pergonal, Metrodin, Humegon, or Fertinex--is often recommended for women with ovulation problems. The benefits of each drug and the side effects, which can be minor or serious but rare, should be discussed with the doctor. Multiple births occur in 10 to 20 percent of births resulting from fertility drug use.

Other drugs, used under very limited circumstances, include Parlodel (bromocriptine mesylate), for women with elevated levels of a hormone called prolactin, and a hormone pump that releases gonadotropins necessary for ovulation.

If drugs aren't the answer, surgery may be. Because major surgery is involved, operations to repair damage to the woman's ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus are recommended only if there is a good chance of restoring fertility. (Source: excerpt from Infertility: NWHIC)

Infertility: NWHIC (Excerpt)

New, more complex assisted reproductive technologies, or ART, procedures, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have been available since the birth 18 years ago of Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby." IVF makes it possible to combine sperm and eggs in a laboratory for a baby that is genetically related to one or both partners. IVF is often used when a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked. First, medication is given to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once mature, the eggs are suctioned from the ovaries (1) and placed in a laboratory culture dish with the man's sperm for fertilization (2). The dish is then placed in an incubator (3). About two days later, three to five embryos are transferred to the woman's uterus (4). If the woman does not become pregnant, she may try again in the next cycle. (Source: excerpt from Infertility: NWHIC)

Infertility: NWHIC (Excerpt)

Gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT: Similar to IVF, but used when the woman has at least one normal fallopian tube. Three to five eggs are placed in the fallopian tube, along with the man's sperm, for fertilization inside the woman's body.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer, or ZIFT (also called tubal embryo transfer): A hybrid of IVF and GIFT. The eggs retrieved from the woman's ovaries are fertilized in the lab and replaced in the fallopian tubes rather than the uterus.

Donor egg IVF: For women who, for example, have impaired ovaries or carry a genetic disease that can be transferred to the offspring. Eggs are donated by another healthy woman and fertilized in the lab with the male partner's sperm before being transferred to the female partner's uterus.

Frozen embryos: Excess embryos are frozen, to be thawed in the future if the woman doesn't get pregnant on the first cycle or wants another baby in the future. (Source: excerpt from Infertility: NWHIC)

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Book Excerpts: Treatment of Female infertility

Treatments of Female infertility: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the treatments of Female infertility.

Amenorrhea: Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)

  • Imperforate hymen requires surgical correction
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome: Excise testes after puberty because of increased risk of testicular cancer
  • Absent müllerian structure or presence of Y chromosome: Psychological counseling
  • Ovarian failure: Consider hormone replacement therapy
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome
    –Oral contraceptives decrease ovarian androgen secretion
    –Weight reduction decreases peripheral estrogen
    –Clomiphene to enhance fertility
    –Cyclic progesterone prevents endometrial hyperplasia
  • Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
    –Weight gain and reduction in intensity of exercise
    –Consider oral contraceptives to prevent osteoporosis
    –Exogenous gonadotropins or pulsatile GnRH may be necessary

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004

Amenorrhea – Secondary: Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

  • Correction of systemic illness, malnutrition, eating disorder, or other stress
  • Hyperprolactinemia
    –Prolactinoma: Treat with dopamine agonist
    –Medication-induced: Cessation of the offending agent
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    –Weight loss
    –Oral contraceptives
    –Antiandrogen agents such as spironolactone
    –Insulin sensitizers such as metformin
  • Ovarian failure
    –Treat with estrogen-progestin replacement
  • Asherman syndrome
    –Treat by surgical excision of adhesions

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Amenorrhea – Primary: Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)

  • Underlying chronic illnesses, malnourished states, or hypothyroidism should be treated
  • Stop medications causing hyperprolactinemia (e.g., antidepressants, phenothiazines) if safe to do so
  • Prolactinomas can be treated medically with a dopamine agonist
  • Other pituitary tumors will need treatment according to their specific type
  • Patients with ovarian insufficiency or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism need estrogen therapy for breast development, and then should cycle estrogens and progestins to establish menses

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007

Amenorrhea: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Appropriate hormone replacement re-establishes menstruation. Treatment of amenorrhea not related to hormone deficiency depends on the cause. For example, amenorrhea that results from a tumor usually requires surgery.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Female infertility: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

Treatment depends on identifying the underlying abnormality or dysfunction within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian complex. In hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the adrenal or thyroid gland, hormone therapy is necessary; progesterone deficiency requires progesterone replacement. Anovulation necessitates treatment with clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotropins, or human chorionic gonadotropin; ovulation usually occurs several days after such administration. If mucus production decreases (an adverse effect of clomiphene), small doses of estrogen to improve the quality of cervical mucus may be given concomitantly; however, such intervention remains unproven.

Surgical restoration may correct certain anatomic causes of infertility such as fallopian tube obstruction. Surgery may also be necessary to remove tumors located within or near the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Endometriosis requires drug therapy (danazol or medroxyprogesterone, or noncyclic administration of hormonal contraceptives), surgical removal of areas of endometriosis, or a combination of both.

Other options, often controversial and involving emotional and financial cost, include surrogate mothering, frozen embryos, or in vitro fertilization (IVF). In view of the good success rate of IVF (about 20%), IVF may be used instead of surgery in many cases.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Male infertility: Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

When anatomic dysfunction or infection causes infertility, treatment consists of correcting the underlying problem. A varicocele requires surgical repair or removal. For patients with sexual dysfunction, treatment includes education, counseling or therapy (on sexual techniques, coital frequency, and reproductive physiology), and proper nutrition with vitamin supplements. Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone levels may respond to vitamin B therapy; decreased LH levels, to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy. Normal or elevated LH level requires low dosages of testosterone. Decreased testosterone levels, decreased semen motility, and volume disturbances may respond to hCG.

A patient with oligospermia who has a normal history and physical examination, normal hormonal assays, and no signs of systemic disease requires emotional support and counseling, adequate nutrition, multivitamins, and selective therapeutic agents, such as clomiphene, hCG, and low dosages of testosterone. Obvious alternatives to such treatment are adoption and artificial insemination.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005

Amenorrhea: Patient counseling
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))

After diagnosis, answer the patient’s questions about the type of treatment that will be provided and its expected outcome. Because amenorrhea can cause severe emotional distress, provide emotional support. Be sure to encourage the patient to discuss her fears and, if necessary, refer her for psychological counseling.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006

Infertility, female: Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)

Effective treatment depends on identifying the underlying abnormality.

Functional infertility

With hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the adrenal or thyroid gland, hormone therapy is necessary; a progesterone deficiency requires progesterone replacement. Anovulation necessitates treatment with clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotropins, or human chorionic gonadotropin; ovulation usually occurs several days after such treatment.

If mucus production decreases (an adverse effect of clomiphene), small doses of estrogen may be given to improve the quality of cervical mucus.

Anatomic infertility

Surgical restoration may correct certain anatomic causes of infertility such as fallopian tube obstruction. Surgery may also be necessary to remove tumors located in or near the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Endometriosis requires drug therapy (danazol or medroxyprogesterone, or noncyclic administration of hormonal contraceptives), surgical removal of areas of endometriosis, or both.

Other options, typically controversial and involving emotional and financial cost, include surrogate mothering, frozen embryos, zygote intrafallopian transfer, in vitro fertilization, and artificial insemination.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003

Infertility, male: Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)

When anatomic dysfunction or infection causes infertility, treatment consists of correcting the underlying problem. A varicocele requires surgical repair or removal.

For patients with sexual dysfunction, treatment includes education, counseling or therapy (on sexual techniques, coital frequency, and reproductive physiology), and proper nutrition with vitamin supplements.

Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone levels may respond to vitamin B therapy; decreased LH levels may respond to chorionic gonadotropin therapy. A normal or elevated LH level requires low dosages of testosterone. Decreased testosterone levels, decreased semen motility, and volume disturbances may respond to chorionic gonadotropin.

Patients with oligospermia who have a normal history and physical examination, normal hormonal assay results, and no signs of systemic disease require emotional support and counseling, adequate nutrition, multivitamins, and selective therapeutic agents, such as clomiphene, chorionic gonadotropin, and low dosages of testosterone. Obvious alternatives to such treatment are adoption and artificial insemination.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003

Amenorrhea: Patient counseling
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)

After diagnosis, answer the patient’s questions about the type of treatment that will be provided and its expected outcome. Because amenorrhea can cause severe emotional distress, provide emotional support. Be sure to encourage the patient to discuss her fears and, if necessary, refer her for psychological counseling.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007

Amenorrhea: Nursing considerations
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)

▪ In patients with secondary amenorrhea, physical and pelvic examinations must rule out pregnancy before diagnostic testing begins.

▪ Prepare the patient for tests, such as progestin withdrawal, serum hormone and thyroid function studies, and endometrial biopsy.

Patient teaching

▪ Explain to the patient all tests and procedures.

▪ Explain the underlying disorder and treatment plan.

▪ Encourage the patient to discuss her fears and, if necessary, refer her for psychological counseling.

» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »

Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007



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