Glossary for Fever

• AIDS: A term given to HIV patients who have a low CD4 count (below 200) which means that they have low levels of a type of immune cell called T-cells. AIDS patients tend to develop opportunistic infections and cancers. Opportunistic infections are infections that would not normally affect a person with a healthy immune system. The HIV virus is a virus that attacks the body's immune system.
• ALL-Down syndrome: The presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome patients. These patients tend to have a poorer prognosis for the leukemia than patients without Down syndrome.
• Abdominal Cancer: Growth of abnormal cells (tumour) affecting the organs in the abdominal cavity; may be due to primary growth of a tumour or spread from another tumour (metastases, secondary tumour)
• Abdominal Hernia: A protrusion of the intraabdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall
• Abdominal Neoplasms: A tumor that occurs in the abdomen.
• Abdominal abscess: An abscess that occurs anywhere in the abdomen.
• Abdominal cystic lymphangioma: A rare form of benign tumor that occurs in infants. It is essentially a malformation of one of the abdominal lymph vessels where a portion is dilated and form a lymph fluid-filled cyst. Symptoms may vary depending on the exact location and size of the cyst.
• Abscess: General name for any pus-filled lump or swelling
• Accelerated silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in silica dust over a long period of time. The lung damage becomes symptomatic and affects breathing and often causes weight loss as well.
• Acebutolol Hydrochloride - Teratogenic Agent: Experimental studies on rats indicate that using Acebutolol Hydrochloride during pregnancy produces no harmful effects on the developing fetus. Acebutolol Hydrochloride is a beta blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythm. Other reports indicate that use in pregnant women also produces no harmful effects on the fetus.
• Acinic cell carcinoma: A usually slow-growing malignant tumor that that can occur in various parts of the body but is most often found in the pancreas, salivary glands, palate and upper lip. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the growth.
• Acrodynia: Symptoms caused by chronic mercury poisoning in infants in children.
• Actinomycetales infection: A bacterial infection from the order of Actinobacteria. The range of symptoms is variable depending on which bacteria from the order is involved.
• Actinomycosis: An infection that results from the bacteria sp. Actinomyces.
• Actinomycotic appendicitis: Chronic suppurative appendicitis resulting from infection by Actinomyces israelii. . It is extremely rare, but it is important to diagnose it, since failure to treat it adequately may result in protracted illness with extensive local spread.
• Acute Bronchitis: Respiratory inflammation of the bronchi leading to the lungs
• Acute Cholecystitis: Acute inflammation of the gall bladder, usually due to obstruction by a gall stone
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A rare neurological disorder where an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord occurs due to damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) around the nerves.
• Acute Gastritis: Sudden onset, generally short-lived infection of the gastrointestinal tract causing vomiting; may be due to infective causes (viruses, bacteria or protozoa), or due to drug toxicity and irritation
• Acute Pancreatitis: Sudden severe inflammation of the pancreas causing digestive complaints.
• Acute Silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in high levels of silica dust.
• Acute Tracheitis: Tracheitis is a bacterial infection of the trachea and is capable of producing airway obstruction
• Acute abdominal syndrome: Abdominal symptoms similar to that observed in acute abdominal disease. The symptoms start gradually and reach a peak after a few hours. The symptoms resolved quickly without treatment. It is believed to be caused by a failed bacterial infection in the perinephric area.
• Acute adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute subtype tends to progress rapidly and is the most prevalent form of the condition.
• Acute bacterial prostatitis: Bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland, in men.
• Acute biphenotypic leukemia: A rare form of leukemia that has myeloid and lymphoid features.
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A rare complication of pregnancy that can occur in the second half of the pregnancy. It is characterized by excessive fatty deposits in the liver which can be fatal without prompt diagnosis and treatment which involves delivering the baby as soon as possible.
• Acute headache: Headache, or cephalgia, is defined as diffuse pain in various parts of the head, with the pain not confined to the area of distribution of a nerve.
• Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: A rare brain disease involving destruction of blood vessel walls, hemorrhages and swelling in the brain. The disease may be associated with a virus or vaccination. The disease can progress rapidly and death is common but treatment can result in complete recovery in some cases.
• Acute idiopathic polyneuritis: A rare progressive form of ascending polyneuropathy believed to be an autoimmune response.
• Acute infections: An infection that occurs acutely
• Acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage: A term used to describe a type of leukemia (a blood cancer) where the leukemic cells cannot be determined as myeloid or lymphoid or where both types of cells are present.
• Acute lower respiratory conditions: An acute condition that occurs in the lower respiratory tract
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia: Most common child form of leukemia; can also affect adults especially over 65.
• Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. More specifically, it involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes).
• Acute meningitis: Acute meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 1: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of immature blood cells (blast cells).
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 2: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 3: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 3 involves the proliferation of promyelocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 4: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 4 involves the rapid proliferation of myelocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 5: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 5 involves the rapid proliferation of monoblasts (immature precursors of monocytes) in particular.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 6: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 6 involves the proliferation of the immature precursors of red blood cells called erythroblasts.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 7: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 7 involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes) in particular.
• Acute myelocytic leukemia: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow involving the proliferation of cells that normally develop into infection-fighting cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and neutrophils. The cancerous cells replace the normal bone marrow cells. Acute leukemia involves a more rapid proliferation of cancer cells compared to chronic forms of leukemia.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent: The use of alkylating agents to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to topoisomerase type II inhibitor: The use of topoisomerase type II inhibitors to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related: Certain cancer therapies can result in the development of leukemia in some patients. These therapies includes topoisomerase type II inhibitors and alkylating agents.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: A form of rapidly progressing blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myeloid leukemia, adult: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myelosclerosis: A rare disorder where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells. The disease progresses rapidly with death usually occurring within 6 months of onset.
• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment: A rare eye disease where the central vision in one or both eyes is affected by inflammation or fluid build up in the retina. The retina lies at the back of the eye. Symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise often precede the eye symptoms. The cause of the condition is unknown but may have autoimmune origins.
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia: A rare bone marrow cancer characterized by a lack of mature blood cells and excessive amounts of immature blood cells (promyelocytes).
• Acute rheumatic fever: Bacterial joint infection with risk of heart complications.
• Acute upper respiratory infection: Upper respiratory tract infections, are the illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx
• Acute urinary conditions: An acute condition that occurs in the urinary system
• Acute zinc toxicity: Acute ingestion of zinc can cause symptoms.
• Adenitis: Inflammation of a lymph gland
• Adenocarcinoma of lung: A tumor that develops in the lining of the lung. The tumor is usually slow growing.
• Adenoid cystic carcionoma: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm. It has a biological course of slow progression and near absence of Iymph node metastasis.
• Adenoid disorders: A disorder of the adenoids of the throat
• Adenophorea Infections: A parasitic roundworm infection. Roundworms can be found in water and soil environments as well as on plants and in animals.
• Adenoviridae Infections: Infection with a virus from the Adenoviridae family. The most common sites for infection are membrane linings such as the intestines, respiratory and urinary tract and the eyes. The infection may result in a range of symptoms depending on the particular virus involved. Transmission usually occurs through breathing in the germs or through fecal-oral contact. The infection is contagious.
• Adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients: Infection with a virus from the Adenoviridae family that occurs in a patient with a weakened immune system. The infection in these people is serious and can be fatal. The infection may result in a range of symptoms depending on the particular virus involved. Transmission usually occurs through breathing in the germs or through fecal-oral contact.
• Adenovirus-related Cold: An Adenovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Adenovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis.
• Adult T-Cell lymphoma: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The lymphoma subtype is aggressive and tends to affect the lymph nodes more than the blood.
• Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: Rare cancer of the immune system T-cells.
• Aflatoxin B1 exposure: Aflatoxin B1 is a toxin produced by fungus from the Aspergillus genus. The toxin is carcinogenic in humans and can also cause other health effect, particularly liver problems. The fungus are found frequently in nature and can readily contaminate crops before harvest or during storage. It is common in moist soils and decaying vegetation. There are more than 13 different subtypes of aflatoxin with B1 being the most toxic. The condition is most common in poorly developed countries where there are insufficient controls on the presence of aflatoxin in food.
• Aflatoxin B2 exposure: Aflatoxin B2 is a toxin produced by fungus from the Aspergillus genus. The toxin is carcinogenic in humans and can also cause other health effect, particularly liver problems. The fungus are found frequently in nature and can readily contaminate crops before harvest or during storage. It is common in moist soils and decaying vegetation. There are more than 13 different subtypes of aflatoxin with B1 being the most toxic. The condition is most common in poorly developed countries where there are insufficient controls on the presence of aflatoxin in food.
• Aflatoxin G1 exposure: Aflatoxin G1 is a toxin produced by fungus from the Aspergillus genus. The toxin is carcinogenic in humans and can also cause other health effect, particularly liver problems. The fungus are found frequently in nature and can readily contaminate crops before harvest or during storage. It is common in moist soils and decaying vegetation. There are more than 13 different subtypes of aflatoxin with B1 being the most toxic. The condition is most common in poorly developed countries where there are insufficient controls on the presence of aflatoxin in food.
• Aflatoxin G2 exposure: Aflatoxin G2 is a toxin produced by fungus from the Aspergillus genus. The toxin is carcinogenic in humans and can also cause other health effect, particularly liver problems. The fungus are found frequently in nature and can readily contaminate crops before harvest or during storage. It is common in moist soils and decaying vegetation. There are more than 13 different subtypes of aflatoxin with B1 being the most toxic. The condition is most common in poorly developed countries where there are insufficient controls on the presence of aflatoxin in food.
• Aflatoxin exposure: Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungus from the Aspergillus genus. The toxin is carcinogenic in humans and can also cause other health effect, particularly liver problems. The fungus are found frequently in nature and can readily contaminate crops before harvest or during storage. It is common in moist soils and decaying vegetation. There are more than 13 different subtypes of aflatoxin with B1 being the most toxic. The condition is most common in poorly developed countries where there are insufficient controls on the presence of aflatoxin in food.
• African Sleeping sickness: Fly-borne African parasitic disease.
• African tick typhus: An infectious disease caused by a rikettsial bacteria and transmitted by ticks.
• Agranulocytosis: Total lack of granulocytes in the blood
• Alcoholic liver disease: Alcoholic liver disease is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, (in Asian countries, viral hepatitis is the major cause). It arises from the excessive ingestion of alcohol.
• Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: An immune reaction to the ingestion of a drug called allopurinol. It is a potentially fatal disorder.
• Alveolar Hydatid Disease: Rare multi-organ tapeworm infection caught from animals.
• Amebiasis: An intestinal infection caused by a parasitic amebic organism. It is usually associated with poor sanitation.
• Amoebiasis: An infectious disease caused by a free-living amoebic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The organism infects the bowel and causes gastroenteritis. Infection occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water. It is more common in countries with poor sanitation. The incubation period may last from days to weeks before symptoms appear.
• Anemia, Hemolytic, Warm Antibody: A rare autoimmune condition where the body's defense system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The onset of the condition is triggered by temperatures 37ºC or higher. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Anemic - hematuria syndrome: An epidemic disease in Argentina which has a prolonged recovery time but usually there are no complications. Symptoms vary between seasons so that affected patients suffer anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration in summer but suffer reduced urination, excess blood, albumin and renal casts in the urine. Other symptoms occur irrespective of the season.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. The symptoms are determined by the location and number of growths. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia - plasma cell type: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms. The plasma-cell type tends to involve systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss due to the destruction of red blood cells.
• Angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia: A rare disorder of the lymph system characterized by the development of benign tumors in lymph tissue anywhere in the body.
• Angioimmunoblastic with dysproteinemia lymphadenopathy: A rare immune system disorder which is similar to lymphoma. The condition is progressive but the course varies with some patients surviving a long time without treatment and others surviving only a short period of time.
• Angioneurotic Edema: Recurring periods of noninflammatory swelling involving the skin, intestinal organs, brain and mucous membranes. In severe cases, respiratory swelling can result in compromised breathing.
• Angiostrongyliasis: Infection by a parasitic worm (Angiostrongylus). Infection can occur through eating contaminated raw animals such as snails, slugs, prawns or crabs which act as hosts to these parasites.
• Anisakiasis: Intestinal infection by a parasitic worm (Anisakidae). Infection usually occurs by eating seafood infected with the larvae.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: Inflammation of spinal joints similar to rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ankylosing spondylarthritis: Inflammation of one or more spine joints. The spine becomes progressively painful and stiff and the spine joints may eventually fuse and cause disability. The condition may vary from mild to severe. Inflammation can affect other joints and tissues.
• Ankylostomiasis: A parasitic intestinal infection caused by a hookworm called Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus. Infection usually occurs when larva enter a break in the skin and then travel throughout the body until the reach the intestines.
• Ansell-Bywaters-Elderking syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, rash, eye inflammation and joint disease.
• Anthrax: A serious infectious bacterial disease that can be fatal.
• Anticholinergic syndrome: Symptoms caused by overdose of anticholinergic drugs.
• Antihypertensive drug allergy: Taking antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure-lowering drugs) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Antisynthetase syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that affects the muscles. It involves the development of antibodies to an enzyme (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) which is involved in making proteins.
• Appian-Plutarch syndrome: Symptoms caused by excessive doses of a drug called atropine.
• Apricot seed poisoning: Apricot seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the pit remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the apricot plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves. Different species of apricots have different levels of toxic chemical. Severe symptoms or even death can occur if children consume more than ten kernels or adults consume more than forty kernels. Theories exist that apricot kernels may help cancer sufferers but there has been no scientific studies that have proven this.
• Arachnidism: Poisoning from a spider bite.
• Arbovirosis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus. The virus is transmitted by arthropods such as insects and ticks. Examples of arboviruses include Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. The symptoms may vary depending on the type of virus involved. The infection can lead to life-threatening brain inflammation.
• Arbovirus: Any group of viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and ticks
• Arcobacter butzleri infection: A bacterial infection that involves bacteria from the Arcobacter genus. It tends to cause gastrointestinal symptoms but may also cause blood infections. The bacteria tends to originate in pigs, cattle, sheep and water.
• Arcobacter cryaerophilus infection: A bacterial infection that involves bacteria from the Arcobacter genus. It tends to cause gastrointestinal symptoms but may also cause blood infections. The bacteria tends to originate in pigs, cattle, sheep and water.
• Arcobacter infection: A bacterial infection that involves bacteria from the Arcobacter genus. It tends to cause gastrointestinal symptoms but may also cause blood infections. The bacteria tends to originate in pigs, cattle, sheep and water.
• Arenavirus: A genus of viruses of the family Arenaviridae
• Argentinean hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease caused by the Junin virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (usually the corn mouse) urine, feces or saliva. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks. The disease is most common in rural workers in Argentina.
• Arteritis: Inflammation of an artery
• Artery conditions: Any conditions affecting arteries
• Arthritis: General name for any type of joint inflammation, but often means age-related osteoarthritis.
• Ascariasis: Large intestinal roundworm from 6 to 13 inches.
• Ascaridida Infections: Infection with parasitic nematodes from the Ascaridida family. Specific infections include ascariasis, toxoscariasis and anisakiasis. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific nematode involved and the location of the infection.
• Aseptic abscesses syndrome: A rare syndrome involving the development of deep, sterile lesions containing neutrophils. The lesions don't respond to antibiotics but do respond to corticosteroid therapy. The abscesses usually occur in the abdomen and are often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and polychondritis. Although the abscesses respond to corticosteroids, more than half of the cases relapse.
• Aspergillosis: Infection with a fungus called Aspergillus.
• Asrar-Facharzt-Haque syndrome: A form of sinus histiocytosis characterized by lymphadenopathy as well as involvement of other tissues such as the sinus cavity, skin, lungs, bone, eyes, kidneys, testes, head and neck area and the central nervous system. Symptoms vary according to the organ involved. The condition usually runs a prolonged course with spontaneous remission occurring in some cases. Rare cases may be fatal.
• Atelectasis: Collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung. Atelectasis may be an acute or chronic condition. In acute atelectasis, the lung has recently collapsed and is primarily notable only for airlessness. In chronic atelectasis, the affected area is often characterized by a complex mixture of airlessness, infection, widening of the bronchi, destruction and scarring.
• Atrial myxoma, familial: An atrial myxoma benign tumor that develops in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. The familial form of the condition also involves tumors in other parts of the body such as the skin, both heart atria or the heart ventricles.
• Austrian syndrome: A condition where alcoholism is associated with heart failure and pneumococcal meningitis.
• Autoimmune Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle due to the body's own immune system attacking it.
• Autoimmune diseases: A group of disorders in which the primary cause is the an inflammatory reaction caused by the body's own immune system attacking tissues
• Autoimmune oophoritis: An autoimmune condition where the body's own immune system attacks the ovaries and causes them to become inflamed. It can lead to ovarian function stopping prematurely.
• Autoimmune orchitis: A inflammation of the testicles caused by an autoimmune reaction
• B-cell lymphomas: A group cancers involving the proliferation of lymphocytic B-cells. Examples include small lymphocytic lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma.
• BK virus infection: A type of polyomavirus that infects most people but generally causes no symptoms. However, that virus may be reactivated when a patient receives immunosuppressive therapy following an organ transplant.
• Babesiosis: A parastic infection by a particular protozoa (Babesia) which is transmitted through tick bites. The disease produces symptoms similar to malaria.
• Back tumour: The presence of tumour growth in the vertebra, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast.
• Bacteremia: A condition where there is the presence of bacteria in the blood
• Bacterial appendicitis: Appendicitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the vermiform appendix that spreads to its other parts. Appendicitis may occur for several reasons, such as an infection of the appendix, but the most important step is the obstruction of the appendiceal lumen.
• Bacterial diseases: Diseases caused by a bacterial infection
• Bacterial endocarditis: Infection and inflammation of the inner layers of the heart, most commonly the valves cause by bacteria.
• Bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Bacterial pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) due to a bacterial infection. It can occur as a complication of a bacterial infection in some other part of the body. It is most often a complication of a respiratory infection but skin and oral infections may also be a cause. Bacterial pericarditis may also occur after heart surgery. It occurs predominantly in males aged 20 to 50 years. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Bacterial prostatitis: Bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland, in men.
• Bagassosis: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bagassosis - Thermoactinomyces sacchari: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles contaminated with fungus (Thermoactinomyces sacchari) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Balantidiasis: Intestinal infection with a parasitic protozoa (Balantidium coli) resulting in intestinal inflammation. It is usually transmitted through direct or indirect contact with pig fecal matter.
• Bar's syndrome: A rare type of bacterial infection that tends to occur in pregnant women. It manifests as pain in the gallbladder, ureter or appendix area as well as fever and bacteria in the urine.
• Barley Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of barley particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne barley particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bartonella infections: Infection with bacteria from the Bartonella genus of bacteria. Specific bacteria from within this group are Bartonella bacilliforms (Oroya fever), Bartonella Heneslae (Cat-scratch disease). Other conditions caused by this bacteria are endocarditis, bacteremia and angiomatosis. Symptoms vary depending on the type of bacteria involved and the severity of the infection - immunocompromised patients face greater risk of severe infection.
• Bartonellosis: An infectious disease caused by Bartonella bacilliforms and transmitted by sandflies. It causes fever, anemia and a skin rash.
• Bartonellosis due to Bartonella quintana infection: A disease caused by infection with Bartonella quintana which are transmitted by the body louse. It causes trench fever but may also result in septicemia and endocarditis in patients with a weakened immune system.
• Bartter's syndrome, antenatal type 1: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the NKCC2 gene impairs the functioning of the Na-Cl cotransporter and leads to electrolyte imbalance. The rate of death is high prior to diagnosis.
• Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the ROMK gene impairs the ATP-regulated potassium channel functioning and leads to electrolyte imbalance.
• Bearn-Kunkel syndrome: A type of autoimmune liver disease characterized by liver damage, very high blood gammaglobulin levels and increased plasma cells.
• Bernard syndrome: A familial condition characterized by acute anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria and destruction of red blood cells. Acute symptoms may follow an episode of fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, malaise and joint pain.
• Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease: A rare disease where inflammatory granular nodules form in various organs.
• Bile Duct Cancer: A malignancy arising in the bile ducts of the liver
• Bile Duct Conditions: An inflammatory bacterial infection that affects the meninges
• Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic: A rare cancer that develops in the part of the common bile duct that is outside the liver. The common bile duct channels bile from the gall bladder (which stores bile) and the liver (which makes bile) to the small intestine to assist digestion.
• Biliary disorder: Any condition affecting the bile ducts
• Biliary tract cancer: Cancer that develops in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
• Bird cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Bird flu (avian influenza): Bird flu refers to influenza A invection. Influenza A is a viral respiratory infection that can usually occurs in birds (especially poultry) but can be transmitted to humans and cause serious illness. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Bitter almond seed poisoning: Bitter almond seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Bitter almond plants grow mainly in Northern America. Various processes can be used to leach the toxic chemical out of the bitter almonds.
• Black nightshade poisoning: The Black Nightshade is a herb which bears small white or purple flowers and dull black berries. The plant originated in South America. The berries contain solanine alkaloid which can be toxic if eaten in large quantities. The leaves and unripe berries are considered toxic whereas the ripe fruit is possibly edible.
• Black widow spider envenomation: The black widow spider bite is toxic to the nerves and can cause serious symptoms. The black widow spider is most commonly found in North America.
• Blast crisis: The final phase of chronic myeloid leukemia which has a high mortality rate. Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The three phases of the condition are the chronic phase, aggressive phase and finally the blast crisis. A blast crisis is occurs when over 30% of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are immature blood cells (blast cells). Patients in the final stage of leukemia are more prone to relapses following treatment.
• Blastomycosis: A fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and resulting in lung, skin, bone and genitourinary involvement.
• Blue Diaper Syndrome: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by vision problems, bluish urine, fever and digestive anomalies.
• Boil: Infected puseous hair follicle on the skin
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease that occurs in Bolivia and is caused by the Machupo virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (Calomys callosus) droppings. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks.
• Bone Marrow Conditions: Medical conditions affecting the bone marrow
• Bone cancer: Malignancy that occurs in the bone
• Bornholm disease: Contagious viral infection
• Borreliosis: An infectious bacterial disorder that is transmitted by ticks and causes skin rashes joint swelling and other symptoms similar to the flu.
• Borries syndrome: Localized brain inflammation without the production of pus.
• Bowel bypass syndrome: An illness that occurs in patients who have had bowel bypass surgery to treat obesity. The illness can occur days or even years after the operation. As many as a fifth of patients who undergo the operation may suffer the illness. It is believed to be caused by a build up of bacteria in a pouch in the bowel which triggers the immune system into action.
• Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome: An illness that sometimes occurs in people with gastrointestinal diseases. It is believed to be caused by a build up of bacteria in a pouch in the bowel which triggers the immune system into action.
• Bracken fern poisoning: Bracken fern is a type of fern which contains chemicals (glycoside and thiaminase) and can cause symptoms if eaten. The plant is considered to have a relatively low level of toxicity. The new leaf growths (fiddleheads) are actually safely edible.
• Brain abscess: Pus accumulating into an abscess on the brain
• Brainerd diarrhea: Diarrheal condition of unknown cause.
• Breast Duct Papilloma: Tumour of the collecting duct of the breast; may be benign or malignant.
• Breast abscess: Pus-filled abscess in the breast
• Breast cancer stages: 0, I, II, III, IV: Cancer stage is based on the size of the tumor, whether the cancer is invasive or non-invasive, whether lymph nodes are involved, and whether the cancer has spread beyond the breast.

  Stage 0- is used to describe non-invasive breast cancers, such as DCIS and LCIS. In stage 0, there is no evidence of cancer cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells breaking out of the part of the breast in which they started, or of getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue.

  Stage 1- describes invasive breast cancer (cancer cells are breaking through to or invading neighboring normal tissue) in which the tumor measures up to 2 centimeters and no lymph nodes are involved.

  Stage 2- Stage 2 is divided into subcategories known as 2A and 2B.

  Stage 2A- No tumor can be found in the breast, but cancer cells are found in the axillary lymph nodes (the lymph nodes under the arm).

  Stage 2B- the tumor is larger than 2 but no larger than 5 centimeters and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes.

  Stage 3- Stage III is divided into subcategories known as IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.

  Stage 3A- no tumor is found in the breast. Cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes that are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone.

  Stage 3B- the tumor may be any size and has spread to the chest wall and/or skin of the breast

  Stage 3C- there may be no sign of cancer in the breast or, if there is a tumor, it may be any size and may have spread to the chest wall and/or the skin of the breast, and the cancer has spread to lymph nodes above or below the collarbone.

  Stage 4- the cancer has spread to other organs of the body -- usually the lungs, liver, bone, or brain.

• Brennemann syndrome: A condition that can occur in young children after a respiratory tract infection. It primarily involves inflammation and swelling of the lymph glands in the abdomen, fever, vomiting and nausea.
• Brennemann's syndrome: Abdominal symptoms that can result from an upper respiratory infection. The abdominal symptoms are caused by inflammation of the abdominal lymph nodes. The condition is most likely to occur in children.
• Brill disease: A form of recurring typhus caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice. The illness may occur years after the initial sickness and tends to be not as severe.
• Broad bean poisoning: The broad bean is a vine which produces pea-like flowers and long, seed-filled pods. The seeds can be very toxic and can result in death if eaten. This toxic reaction only occurs to certain susceptible people who are unable to process certain chemicals in the plant. The resulting condition is called favism and is most common in people of Mediterranean descent.
• Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the bronchioles.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: Inflammation of lung tissue (bronchioles and surrounding tissue) which may occur on its own or as a result of other conditions such as certain infections.
• Bronchitis: Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea and the large and small bronchi within the lungs become inflamed
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A rare form of infant lung disease that usually occurs as a complication of ventilator use in premature babies.
• Brown Recluse spider poisoning: The Brown Recluse spider is poisonous and is found mainly in southern and central areas of the US.
• Brown-Symmers disease: A rare form of brain inflammation that occurs in children and can quickly lead to death. Symptoms usually start suddenly.
• Brucellosis: An infectious disease caused by the Brucella genus which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Bullis fever syndrome: A disease transmitted through tick bites (Ambylomma americanum). Symptoms include fever, rash and headache. The disease was first observed in soldiers training at Camp Bullis in America.
• Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: A blistering disease that can develop in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The process is mediated by autoantibodies.
• Burkitt's lymphoma: Lymphoma associated with Epstein Barr virus.
• Bursitis: Inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body.
• $CRMO, juvenile$: A rare chronic inflammatory bone disease that occurs in children. The symptoms go into periods of remission only to return. The most common sites for the inflammation are the shinbone, thighbone and collarbone with usually several sites being affected at once.
• Callistin shellfish poisoning: The Callistin shellfish (Japanese Callista) is found primarily in Japan. Eating the whole shellfish can cause poisoning symptoms in humans. It is believed that the ovaries contain high levels of choline during spawning season which makes them toxic to humans. The symptoms that manifest are similar to a severe allergic reaction. Avoiding eating the ovaries is the best way to prevent poisoning - cooking does not destroy the toxin.
• Campylobacter fetus infection: Campylobacter fetus is a food borne bacterial infection which may vary in severity from mild to severe. The bacteria are opportunistic and mainly affect debilitated patients but can also occur in healthy patients. Abortion due to blood infection in the fetus can occur in pregnant women who become infected. The infection is less likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea than other Campylobacter infections but is prone to causing infection in other parts of the body such as the appendix, abdominal cavity, central nervous system (meningitis), gallbladder, urinary tract and blood stream. Cattle and sheep are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter food poisoning: Common bacterial infection usually from chicken.
• Campylobacter hylointestinalis infection: Campylobacter hyloinstesinalis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis. Cattle, pigs, hamsters and deer are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter jejuni: Rod shaped bacteria causing diarrhea.
• Campylobacter jejuni infection: Campylobacter jejuni infection is a common food borne bacterial infection which may vary in severity from mild to severe. Death can occur in severe cases but tends to occur in patients with other existing illnesses such as HIV, cancer or liver disease. The infection can in rare cause infection in other parts of the body such as the appendix, abdominal cavity, central nervous system (meningitis), gallbladder, urinary tract and blood stream. Undercooked chicken is the main source of infection.
• Campylobacter jejuni subspecies doylei infection: A bacterial infection that involves bacteria from the Campylobacter family. It tends to cause gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Campylobacter laridis infection: Campylobacter laridis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis in healthy individuals and blood infection in immunocompromised patients.
• Cardiovascular Disease: Diseases of the heart or blood vessels including cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke.
• Caroli Disease: A rare disorder where the bile ducts inside the liver become enlarged resulting in infection, irritation and gallstone formation.
• Castellani syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by fever, arthritis and enlarged kidney and liver. The fever may fluctuate or come and go. It is most often seen in middle aged males.
• Cat scratch disease: An infectious disease transmitted through a cat's bite, scratch or lick and resulting primarily in lymph node pain and swelling. The condition can be mild or severe.
• Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A very rare disorder where the blood clotting system becomes dysfunctional and clots too easily due to the abnormal presence of antphospholipid antibodies. It results in blood flow blockages to various body organs. It is possible that the condition has autoimmune origins. The disorder is often triggered by infections, certain drugs (e.g. anticoagulants), minor surgery and hysterectomy.
• Caterpillar complication poisoning: The spines on certain caterpillars can cause a skin reaction as well as systemic symptoms if ingested. The nature of the symptoms vary depending on the species of caterpillar involved. Some only produce skin reactions whereas others can produce systemic symptoms.
• Cathinone poisoning: Cathinone comes from the leaves of the Khat plant which is native to eastern Africa. Cathinone is a stimulant as well as have pain killing, weight loss and neuromuscular effects. The psychoactive effects are usually utilized by chewing on the leaves of the plant but sometimes dried leaves are used.
• Cellulitis: Inflammation of skin or subcutaneous tissues.
• Centriacinar Emphysema: The abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of the walls and without obvious fibrosis. It begins in the respiratory bronchioles and spreads peripherally
• Cerebellar abscess: An abscess that forms in the part of the brain called the cerebellum. The abscess may result from other infections such as ear infections, dental abscess and lung infections. The prognosis is determined by the size and exact location of the abscess
• Cerebral abscess: An abscess that forms in the part of the brain called the cerebrum. The abscess may result from other infections such as ear infections, dental abscess and lung infections. The prognosis is determined by the size and exact location of the abscess.
• Chagas disease: A parasitic infection caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect bites or blood transfusions. The disease primarily involves the heart and gastrointestinal system.
• Chediak-Higashi like syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by albinism (lack of pigmentation). There are three different subtypes of the disorder (I, II and III) each with varying additional features such as immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms. Type 1 involves partial albinism and neurological symptoms, type II involves partial albinism, immunodeficiency and sometimes neurological symptoms and type III involves albinism only.
• Cheese Washer's lung: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cheese Washer's lung - Penicillium spp.: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria (Penicillium spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical pneumonia: Lung inflammation from inhaled chemicals
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonia: Ammonia is a chemical used mainly in household cleaning products and bleach. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Boric Acid: Boric Acid is a chemical used mainly in foods (preservative, emulsifier, neutralizer), antiseptics, pesticides and contact lens cleaners. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Application of boric acid directly to damaged skin can cause the chemical to be absorbed rapidly into the body and lead to death. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Button batteries: Button batteries are small round, button-shaped batteries used in various products such as watches and calculators. Generally, swallowing the batteries will cause no problems unless it becomes stuck in the gastrointestinal tract. The batteries may also be shoved up the nose by children which can cause respiratory problems depending on how far the battery is pushed and how long it remains undetected. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbinoxamine: Carbinoxamine is a therapeutic treatment for allergic rhinitis. It is marketed under names such as Histex, Pediatiex and Carboxine. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Diborane: Diborane is a chemical used mainly as a rocket propellant and in the manufacture of rubbers and electronics manufacture. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethylnitrosamine: Dimethylnitrosamine is a chemical used mainly as a solving in the manufacture of plastics, rubbers, lubricants and rocket fuel. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrocresol: Dinitrocresol is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide and fungicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrophenol: Dinitrophenol is a chemical that has various applications: herbicide, pesticide, fungicide, acaricide, manufacture of dyes and wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glufosinate: Glufosinate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Imazapyr: Imazapyr is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug which is often misused. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metaldehyde: Metaldehyde is a chemical used mainly as a molluscicide, in heating fuel and in fire lighters. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Monosodium Methanarsenate: Monosodium Methanarsenate is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide or pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Naphthalene: Naphthalene is a chemical used mainly as a moth repellant, toilet deodorizer and the manufacture of other chemicals. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitric Acid: Nitric Acid is a chemical used mainly as a cleaning agent for food and dairy equipment, in explosives, metal etching, in liquid fuel rockets and as a laboratory reagent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pentachlorophenol: Pentachlorophenol is a chemical used mainly in fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, algicides and bactericides. It is commonly used as a wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Petroleum Distillates - Naphtha: Petroleum Distillates - Naphtha is a chemical used mainly in . Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Selenium: Selenium is a chemical element used mainly as an industrial catalyst, in glass and ceramic manufacturing, as an animal feed additive, in photography and in the electronics industry. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trimellitic Anhydride: Trimellitic Anhydride is a chemical used mainly in the manufacturing process of paint, plastics, polyester resins and as a curing agent for epoxy and other resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Turpentine Oil: Turpentine Oil is a chemical used mainly as a solvent, paint thinner and various other applications such as deodorizing fragrances and antiseptics. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ammonia): Inhalation of a chemical called Ammonia in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Chlorine): Inhalation of a chemical called Chlorine in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Formalin vapours): Inhalation of a chemical called Formalin vapours in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Hydrogen Sulfide): Inhalation of a chemical called Hydrogen Sulfide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Methylene Diisocyanate): Inhalation of a chemical called Methylene Diisocyanate in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Nitrogen dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Nitrogen dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ozone): Inhalation of a chemical called Ozone in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Phosgene): Inhalation of a chemical called Phosgene in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Sulfur dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Sulfur dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Trimellitic anhydride): Inhalation of a chemical called trimellitic anhydride)in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Lacquer: Inhalation of a lacquer (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Varnish: Inhalation of a varnish (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cherry laurel seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Wild cherry plants grow mainly in eastern Europe, Western Asia and Britain.
• Cherry seed poisoning: Cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Chickenpox: Common viral infection.
• Chikungunya: A rare viral disease usually transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by fever, rash and severe arthritis.
• Chokecherry seed poisoning: Chokecherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Chokecherry plants grow mainly in Northern America.
• Cholangitis: bile duct inflammation (cholangitis)
• Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder which concentrates and stores bile. The condition may occur suddenly (acute) or persist over a longer period of time (chronic).
• Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3: A rare inherited condition where bile is unable to drain from the liver where it builds up and causes progressive liver damage. The condition has an early onset and usually leads to end-stage liver disease by the end of the second decade. The various types of this condition differ in the origin of the genetic defect (liver-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter on chromosome 2q24). Type 2 is also associated with an increased risk of liver cancer in the first few years of life.
• Chromophil renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney tumor where the cells that make up the tumor take up dye readily during pathology testing.
• Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: A rare type of kidney tumor. The cells that make up the tumor tend to be clear and do not readily take up dye during pathology analysis. Metastasis often only occurs late in the course of the disease and surgical removal usually leads to a good prognosis.
• Chromosome 11, deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chronic Airway Obstruction: Chronic airway obstruction is a type of pulmonary disorder, such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, in which the upper or lower airway is chronically obstructed.
• Chronic Bronchitis: Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs.
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Severe chronic fatigue disorder often following infection.
• Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A very rare inherited blood disorder where certain cells involved with immunity (phagocytes) are unable to destroy bacteria and hence the patient suffers repeated bacterial infections.
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: A group of blood cancers where excessive numbers of blood cells are made by overactive or cancerous bone marrow. The number of excess blood cells tends to grow slowly. Examples of such disorders includes chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The symptoms are determined by which particular blood cancer is involved.
• Chronic adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute form tends to progress relatively slowly and generally responds better to treatment than the other subtypes.
• Chronic berylliosis: A condition that results from long term exposure to beryllium in the form of dust or fumes. The lungs, skin eyes or blood may be affected.
• Chronic laryngotracheitis: It is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx, which is located in the upper part of the respiratory tract and the trachea which may cause respiratory obstruction.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A cancer of the blood and bone marrow where too many abnormal lymphocytes (white blood cells) are produced which eventually crowds out healthy blood cells in the body.
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A slow-growing cancer of the white blood cells where the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells which eventually invade various parts of the body.
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Chronic necrotizing vasculitis: Inflammation and destruction of blood vessel walls which leads to death of associated tissue. Symptoms are determined by the extent and location of the blood vessel inflammation. The inflammation possibly has autoimmune origins. It can occur in condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma.
• Chédiak-Higashi syndrome: An inherited immune system disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation, recurrent infection and neurological disorders.
• Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney tumor where the cells that make up the tumor are clear.
• Cocaine abuse: Stimulant drug with various effects
• Coccidioidomycosis: An infectious disease caused by a fungus called Coccidioides immitis which is found in the soil. Transmission usually occurs through inhalation but can rarely occur through the skin. Very rarely, infection can spread throughout the body to involve the skin, bones, joints, lungs and central nervous system which can be fatal if untreated.
• Codeine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Codeine use is discontinued or reduced. Codeine is a sedative pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Coffee Worker's lung: Inhalation of coffee bean dust in occupational settings can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to small air-borne particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cogan's syndrome: A disorder primarily involving eye inflammation and hearing impairment and dizziness. Complete deafness usually occurs within a couple of years. The disorder is caused by inflammation of the arteries in the ear. Sometimes arteries in other parts of the body may also be affected e.g. skin, kidneys and other organs.
• Collecting duct carcinoma: A rare, aggressive type of kidney cancer that arises from the kidney collecting ducts. The cancer cells can form irregular tubes.
• Colonic malakoplakia: A rare form of inflammatory disease that occurs in the colon and occurs mainly in immunocompromised people. The severity of the disorder can vary from asymptomatic to intestinal obstruction and even death in rare cases.
• Colorado tick fever: A tickborne condition caused by an arenavirus
• Common cold: A cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat that can be caused by a number of different viruses (e.g. rhinoviruses, coronaviruses). There are over 200 different viruses that have the potential to cause the common cold. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Fetal infection with toxoplasmosis.
• Congenital aplastic anemia: A genetic disorder where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells. Fanconi's anemia is an example of congenital aplastic anemia.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1K: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ik is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p13.3 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase. The disorder is generally fatal within a year or two of birth.
• Congenital malaria: Fetal infection with malaria.
• Congenital megalo-ureter: A birth defect where the ureter is abnormally dilated due to a structural obstruction of the end portion of the ureter.
• Congenital syphilis: Syphilis inherited from mother during pregnancy.
• Congenital tuberculosis: Fetal infection with tuberculosis
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Coronavirus-related Cold: A Coronavirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Coronavirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition. Coronaviruses are a significant cause of common colds in adults.
• Coxsackievirus-related Cold: A Coxsackievirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Coxsackievirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Crisponi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by excessive muscle contractions in response to stimulus, claw hand, distinctive facial features and fever. Most patients die within months of birth due to complications of hyperthermia but some cases are slowly progressive with longer survival possible.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Croup: Respiratory infection with a characteristic cough
• Cryptococcal Meningitis: Cryptococcal meningitis is an infection of the meninges (the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord), caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.
• Cryptosporiosis: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Cutaneous Anthrax: A skin infection caused by the spores of the anthrax bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. The infection occurs when the spores enter broken skin and result in a small red bump which blisters. The blister ruptures and forms a dark scab over dead tissue.
• Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis: Inflammation and damage of the blood vessel walls that also affects the skin. The condition may occur on its own or as a result of an underlying condition.
• Cyclic neutropenia: A rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent periods of extremely low blood levels of neutrophils which results in frequent infections. The low level usually occurs for about 7 days every 21 days. Levels of other blood components may also be affected.
• Cyclic vomiting syndrome: A rare disorder involving repeated cyclic episodes of vomiting which occur for no obvious reason.
• Cyclospora cayetanenis food poisoning: Cyclospora cayetanenis is a parasite that can cause food poisoning. Contamination through consuming food and water contaminated through contact with infected feces. Diarrhea is usually the main symptom. The severity of symptoms often depends on the age and underlying health of the patient - the very young and old tend to be more severely affected.
• Cyclosporiasis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cyclosporiosis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.
• Cystinosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving the accumulation of a chemical called cystine in various parts of the body which can cause harmful effects.
• Cystitis: Bladder infection or inflammation
• Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease: An infection due to cytomegalovirus and marked by nuclear inclusion bodies in enlarged infected cells
• Cytomegalovirus: A easily transmissible viral infection that is common but generally causes no symptoms except in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
• Cytosine arabinose syndrome: Symptoms following the use of a chemotherapy drug called cytosine arabinose.
• D-minus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D-HUS) - pregnancy related: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure. This type is not associated with diarrhea and is triggered by pregnancy.
• Deadly nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) poisoning: The deadly nightshade is a woody vine and is considered quite toxic. It is found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. There are a number of species of nightshade with variable toxicity. The Solanum dulcamara is considered less toxic with about 200 berries needed to cause death.
• Deafness - lymphoedema - leukemia: A rare syndrome characterized by deafness, early-onset leukemia and lymphoedema in the lower legs.
• Defibrination syndrome: The generation of fibrin in the blood and consumption of pro-coagulants and platelets occurring in complications of obstetrics
• Delayed Viral Syndromes: Syndromes caused by viral infections that are delayed in there appearance
• Deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Delirium: Severe state of mental confusion
• Dengue fever: An acute viral disease characterized by fever, rash and myalgia and caused by a flavivirus which is transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Severe complication of dengue
• Dental abscess: Abscess of tooth, gum, or jawbone
• Dental caries: A destructive process causing decalcification of the tooth enamel leading to cavitation of the tooth
• Dental conditions: Conditions that affect ones dentition
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Dermatoosteolysis, Kirghizian type: A rare condition characterized by a variety of abnormalities including missing teeth, recurring skin ulceration, eye problems and nail symptoms.
• Dermatostomatitis, Stevens Johnson type: A rare but serious condition involving inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is believed to be an allergic reaction that can occur in response to some drugs or infectious diseases.
• Detergent worker's disease: Inhalation of detergent in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Dexedrine overdose: Dexedrine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Diabetes Insipidus: Rare pituitary disorder often affecting the kidneys.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic type 2: A rare congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. Type II is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, recessive type: A rare recessively inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal: A form of infant diabetes that starts usually in the month of life but then usually disappears within a year. The condition predisposes the infant to diabetes later in life.
• Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome: An anaphylactic reaction that occurs in some patients who are dialyzed on artificial kidneys. A compound (ethylene oxide) used to dry sterilize artificial kidneys is a likely allergen.
• Diarrhea: Loose or watery stool.
• Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Various E-coli bacteria that can cause diarrhea
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from follicular lymphoma in that it is a high-grade lymphoma that usually develops rapidly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Dirofilaria immitis infection: Infection with the dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) which is transmitted from dogs to humans through mosquito bites.
• Discitis: A subacute infection of the vertebral discs that usually occurs in children.
• Disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex: Mycobacterium avium complex is an opportunistic bacterium which tends to occur mainly in patients with advanced AIDS. The infection can spread throughout the body and result in such things as blood infections.
• Distal myopathy, Welander type: A very slowly progressing muscle fiber degeneration that starts as mild weakness in the small muscles of hands and feet and may eventually spread to neighboring muscles.
• Distomatosis: Infection by parasitic flat worms. Infection can involve liver, lungs or intestines. Symptoms are determined by the location of the infection. Contamination usually occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water.
• Diverticular Disease: Protrusions of the colon wall (diverticulosis) or their inflammation (diverticulitis)
• Dracunculiasis: An infectious disease caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis which is usually transmitted by drinking water contaminated by infected crustaceans.
• Dressler (D.)syndrome: A rare autoimmune blood disorder where erythrocytes are destroyed suddenly after exposure to cold (usually 15ºC or lower).
• Drug Allergies: Allergies to medications or other drugs.
• Dry socket: Exposure of jaw bone after a tooth extraction
• Dysentery: A general term for various bacterial digestive disorders.
• EGE: A rare disorder where white blood cells (eosinophils) infiltrate the layers of the lining of the stomach and intestines and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. The degree of infiltration will determine the severity of symptoms.
• East African Trypanosomiasis: East African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Echovirus-related Cold: An Echovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Echovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Eczema vaccinatum: A rare condition where a person who has eczema and is exposed to vaccinia through vaccination. The condition can occur even if the inoculation doesn't occur directly onto eczematous skin. The virus can also be transferred to an eczema sufferer from a recently vaccinated person. Severe untreated cases can result in death.
• Ehrlichiosis: Bacterial tick-borne disease
• Electrical burns: Burns caused when an electric current pass through the body or part of it. The symptoms and severity of the burn depends on the strength of the electrical current, the duration of the exposure and the part of the body involved. Prompt treatment in more severe cases can improve the prognosis.
• Encephalitis lethargica: A rare brain disease characterized by fever, headache, lethargy and reduced physical and mental responses. The disease occurred as an epidemic in the 1920's but now occurs sporadically - the exact cause is still not known.
• Encephalomyelitis: Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
• Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
• Endocarditis, infective: A rare condition where a bacterial infection attacks the inner lining of the heart muscle and valves which is called the endocardium.
• Endocrine pancreatic cancer: Any disease that affects the endocrine pancreas
• Endodermal sinus tumor: A form of malignant germ cell tumor that occurs mainly in young children. They can occur in the testis, ovaries, uterus, abdomen, thorax, tailbone region, vagina, liver, retroperitoneum and pineal ventricle of the brain. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact location of the tumor.
• Endometritis: Inflammation of the endometrium (uterine lining)
• English Ivy poisoning: English Ivy is a poisonous vine fund in Europe, US and Canada. The leaves and berries are the most toxic part of the plant but all parts of the plant are toxic. Falcarinol and polyacetylene are the toxic chemicals found in the plant.
• Enteroaggregative E. Coli infection: A bacterial infection that results from ingesting contaminated food or water and results in diarrhea that tends to last for weeks. It most often causes diarrhea in children in developing countries. Enteroaggregative refers to the grouping nature of the bacterial attack on the intestinal lining.
• Enterocolitis: Serious type of intestinal infection
• Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli infection: A bacterial infection that results from ingesting contaminated food or water and results in bloody diarrhea. Enterohemorrhagic refers to the intestinal bleeding associated with the infection.
• Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Infection: An Escherichia Coli infection that occurs in the bowel causing an enterohemorrhagic condition
• Enteroinvasive E. Coli infection: A type of bacterial infection that results from ingesting contaminated food or water and results in gastroenteritis. Enteroinvasive refers to the invasion of bacteria into the gastrointestinal lining. It tends to occur as occasional outbreaks in developed countries and as endemic infections in developing countries.
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Bacterial infection of the digestive system
• Enterovirus antenatal infection: Fetal infection with enterovirus. The condition is extremely rare but infection around the time of birth often results in death or paralysis in survivors. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the exact type of virus involved and at what stage of development the infection occurs.
• Enterovirus-related Cold: Enterovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Enterovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Enteroviruses: Viruses affecting the digestive tract.
• Eosinophilic enteropathy, pattern III: A rare disorder where white blood cells (eosinophils) infiltrate the deepest part of lining of the stomach often resulting in accumulation of fluid filled with white blood cells in the stomach (ascites). The fluid can enter the lung tissue and cause problems.
• Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, Herlitz-Pearson: A rare blistering skin disease which can often result in infant death
• Epididymitis: Infection of the epididymis (testicle tube)
• Epiglotitis: Inflamation of the epiglottis in the throat
• Epiglottis diseases: Diseases that affect the epiglottis
• Erdheim-Chester syndrome: A very rare lipid storage disorder involving lipid deposits in various organs and hardening of the ends of long bones which affects the growth of the bone. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Erysipelas: A severe streptococcal bacterial infection where infection spreads from the skin to tissue underneath. The face and extremities are the usual sites affected.
• Erythema chronicum migrans: The first stage of Lyme disease which is transmitted by the bite of the Ixodid tick. The first stage involves a skin rash with systemic symptoms also often occurring.
• Erythema multiforme: An allergic inflammatory skin disorder which has a variety of causes and results in skin and mucous membrane lesions that affect mainly the hands, forearms, feet, mouth nose and genitals.
• Erythema nodosum: Allergic skin condition usually on the legs
• Eucalyptus Oil poisoning: Eucalyptus oil can be used for medicinal purposes but excessive ingestion can cause problems. Likewise, eating the leaves of the eucalyptus plant (very unlikely) can also cause poisoning symptoms.
• Eustachian tube disorders: Any disorder that affects the Eustachian tubes of the ear
• Exfoliative dermatitis: Form of dermatitis where skin flakes or falls off.
• Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: A rare disorder where lung inflammation results from inhalation or aspiration of fatty or oily material. Examples of fatty sources includes oil-based nasal inhalation drops, cosmetic oil. The severity of the condition can vary greatly depending on the amount of lipids involved.
• Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor: A rare form of cancer that originates in germ cells that are found in areas such as the brain, chest, tailbone or abdomen rather than the ovaries or testicles. Germ cells are the precursors for male sperm and female eggs. The symptoms are determined by the location and size of the tumor.
• Fallopian tube conditions: Conditions that affect the fallopian tubes of a woman
• Familial Cold Autoinflamatory Syndrome (FCAS): An inherited inflammatory disorder which causes periods of fever, rash and pain in joints after being exposed to cold conditions. Symptoms last less than a day and start within hours of exposure to the cold.
• Familial Mediterranean fever: A rare inherited condition characterized by recurrent fever and inflammation. The inflammation usually involves the stomach, lungs or joints.
• Familial hyperchylomicronemia: A rare inherited inborn error of metabolism involving the absence of the enzyme called lipoprotein lipase which results in increased blood triglyeride and chylomicron levels.
• Familial myelofibrosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Familial renal cell carcinoma: A genetic form of kidney cancer that develops in the lining of the tubules in the kidney and tends to run in families.
• Farmer's lung: A condition that affects farmers who are exposed to mouldy hay or crops. The lungs become inflamed due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the exposure.
• Farmer's lung - Micropolyspora faeni: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Micropolyspora faeni) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Farmer's lung - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Fascioliasis: A rare parastitic infectious disease caused by liver fluke Fasciola hepatica which can cause blockage of the bile ducts in the liver.
• Fatal familial insomnia: A very rare inherited brain disease that severely affects sleep and causes progressive deterioration of mental and movement functions.
• Favism: Form of hemolytic anemia
• Feather Plucker's lung: Inhalation of particles from chicken feathers in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the chicken feathers. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Felty Syndrome: A rare complication of long-term rheumatoid arthritis which involves an enlarged spleen and blood abnormalities.
• Female infertility: Infertility that affects the female
• Fever: Elevation of the body temperature above the normal 37 degrees celsius
• Fever of Unknown Origin: Fevers that occur for no apparent reason. The fever involves temperatures of greater than 38.3 degrees Celsius which occurs sporadically for more than three weeks. Infection and cancers are the most common causes of this type of fever.
• Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by a short toe, fibrous dysplasia and bone formation in muscles, ligaments, tendons and soft connective tissue.
• Fibrosing alveolitis: A condition characterized by abnormalities in the fibrous tissues between lung alveoli which results in inflammation.
• Filovirus: A group of viruses that includes Marburg and Ebola
• Fire Ant bite: The fire ant is found mainly in South America and parts of North America but is also found in other countries such as Australia. The fire ant is red and can deliver a venomous bite. Fire ant venom can elicit and allergic reaction or even anaphylaxis in susceptible people.
• Fish meal worker's lung: Inhalation of a fish meal particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fish meal particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Fisher (M.) syndrome: A rare type of nerve disease involving muscle coordination problems, eye muscle paralysis and absent reflexes. It appears to be caused by the body's own immune system destroying the protective layer around nerves. The condition is usually preceded by a viral illness and is not life-threatening.
• Fitz-Hugh syndrome: A complication of upper genital tract infections in females where the membrane lining the stomach (peritoneum) and tissues surrounding the liver become inflamed. The infections involved are usually Chlamydia or gonorrhea. In some cases the diaphragm is also involved
• Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: A rare condition where the thin layer around the liver becomes infected as a result of a spread of infection from gonococcal or chlamydial infections in females.
• Flavimonas oryzihabitans: A very rare bacterial infection that is most likely to occur in immunocompromised patients or through the use of catheters. Flavimonas oryzihabitans was previous known as Pseudomonas oryzihabitans.
• Flavivirus Infections: Infection with a virus from the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Infections by these pathogens include Dengue fever, Rocio encephalitis, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis. Transmission usually occurs through the bite of a mosquito.
• Flea-borne diseases: Diseases that are carried by fleas
• Flu: Very common viral respiratory infection.
• Fluke infections: An infection caused by flukes
• Follicular dendritic cell tumor: A rare form of malignant tumor. Follicular dendritic cells are immune system cells found in lymph follicles. The tumor tends to be low grade and tends to reoccur after removal and occasionally metastasizes. The symptoms are determined by the location and size of the tumor. The tumor can occur on various parts of the body such as lymph nodes, tonsils, armpits and mediastinum but is most common in the neck lymph nodes.
• Follicular lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by an abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in that it is a low-grade lymphoma that usually develops slowly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Food poisoning: Poisoning from a substance or microbe in food.
• Fournier Gangrene: A necrotizing bacterial infection of the skin on the genitals and perineum. The condition progresses rapidly and immediate medical attention is vital to prevent the bacteria entering the blood steam and resulting in death. It is usually the male genitals that are affected. The risk of the condition is increased by surgery, extreme obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, leukemia and immune system disorders.
• Fungal meningitis: Fungal meningitis is an infection that causes swelling and irritation of the tissue around the brain and spinal cord. It usually strikes people whose weakened immune systems can't fight off infection. The disease is not common. but it can be very serious.
• Furrier's lung: Inhalation of a dust from animal fur in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the animal fur. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Gallstones: Stone-like deposits in the gall bladder.
• Gangrene: Tissue death
• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining
• Gastroenteritis: Acute stomach or intestine inflammation
• Gastrointestinal Anthrax: Anthrax of the digestive system.
• Generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy: A form of psoriasis that occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by pustules rather the skin bumps. The skin under and around the pustules is red and variable areas of skin may be involved. The pustules tends to occur in localized areas and then spreads to other parts of the body. It usually tends to recur during following pregnancies or with subsequent use of oral contraceptives.
• Giardia: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Glanders: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium (Burkholderia mallei). It is usually a disease that affects horses and mules but can also infect other animals and humans. Human infection usually occurs in laboratory settings or in those with prolonged contact with infected animals. Symptoms are determined by whether infection occurs through the skin or via the lungs or blood stream. Bloodstream infections are the most severe and usually result in death within weeks.
• Glomerulonephritis: Kidney disease where the kidney's have problems removing waste material and excessive fluid.
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare enzyme abnormality involving a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which causes premature destruction of red blood cells. The excessive destruction of red blood cells can be triggered by certain infections or drugs or by eating fava beans.
• Gonococcal conjunctivitis: An eye disease that is sexually transmitted. It is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Gonorrhea: Common sexually transmitted disease often without symptoms.
• Gradenigo's syndrome: A complication that can develop from a middle ear infection that spreads to the mastoid bone of the skull. The syndrome involves the association of headache, ear infection and sixth cranial nerve palsy.
• Graft-versus-host disease: A disease characterised by an immune response as a result of a transplantation or transfusion resulting in a widespread systemic inflammatory response
• Graft-versus-host disease - acute: A rare condition that occurs in people with a poor immune system who undergo a bone marrow transplant or blood transfusion.
• Granulomatous appendicitis: Appendicitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the vermiform appendix that spreads to its other parts. Appendicitis may occur for several reasons, with granulomatous diseases being one of the causes.
• Griscelli disease: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by albinism (lack of pigmentation). There are three different subtypes of the disorder (I, II and III) each with varying additional features such as immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms. Type 1 involves partial albinism and neurological symptoms, type II involves partial albinism, immunodeficiency and sometimes neurological symptoms and type III involves albinism, only.
• Griscelli syndrome type II: A rare genetic condition characterized by a partial lack of pigmentation in the eye, skin and hair, clumps of pigmentation in hair shafts, immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms.
• Groin Hernia: Lump in groin where segment of bowel has protruded through small imperfection in abdominal wall or inguinal canal
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Rare autoimmune disorder destroying nerve function lead to weakness and paralysis.
• HHV-6 encephalitis: A rare condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised people such as those undergoing transplants or HIV patients. The condition causes neurological symptoms.
• HIV/AIDS: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus and AIDS is the progressive immune failure that HIV causes.
• Hairy cell leukemia: A chronic leukemia which causes an excess of abnormal mononuclear cells which appear hair like under microscopy
• Hand-Foot-Mouth Syndrome: An infectious viral disease caused by the coxsackievirus A. The disease is characterized by the development of blisters in the mouth and on hands and feet. The disease is spread by contact with body fluids from an infected person and the incubation period is 3 - 7 days. The infection is most common in children under the age of ten but can occur in teenagers and sometimes in adults.
• Hantavirosis: Infection by hantavirus which is a virus from the family Bunyaviridae. Infection generally causes severe febrile illness which can involve bleeding, shock and even death in some cases. The disease is transmitted by infected rodents.
• Hantavirus: A genus of viruses from the family Bunyaviridae
• Hay Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of hay particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Head injury: An injury to the head
• Headache-free migraine: A syndrome with no headache but other migraine-like symptoms
• Heart cancer: A malignancy that is located in the heart
• Helicobacter cinaedi infection: Helicobacter cinaedi is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Helicobacter fenneliae infection: Helicobacter fenneliae is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Helminth infections: The infection by a parasitic worm
• Helminthiasis: Infection of the human body with a parasitic worm such as roundworms and pinworms. The worms usually only involve the intestinal tract but sometimes they may invade other organs. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of worm and the part of the body infected.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 1: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing paralysis on one side of the body or coma for weeks.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 2: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing problems for days. Triggers include tiredness, heat, stress and head injury.
• Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin Lepore, Boston: A blood disorder that mainly causes hemolytic anemia with great variability of symptoms.
• Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin O, Arab: A genetic blood anomaly which causes severe hemolytic anemia, fever, pain, cramping and excessive bleeding.
• Hemoglobin SC: A genetic blood disorder where the patient inherits a gene for hemoglobin S from one parent and hemoglobin C from another. Severity of symptoms is variable.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 1: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children and can be life-threatening.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 2: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 10q22.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 6q24.
• Hemophagocytic reticulosis: The abnormal proliferation of reticulum cell (histiocytes) which infiltrate various organs and. Macrophages destroy blood cells causing blood abnormalities. Meningoencephalitis frequently occurs when the histiocytes infiltrate the mininges and cerebral tissue. Symptoms start at birth or soon after and become progressively worse without treatment. Medication can control the condition but a hematopoietic stem cell transplant is needed to achieve remission.
• Hemophilus influenzae B: Bacterial respiratory infection with dangerous complications.
• Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome: A group of infectious diseases that involve bleeding, fever and kidney problems. Examples of viruses that can cause such infectious diseases include Hantan virus, Puumala virus and Seoul virus. Examples of diseases caused by viruses in this group includes epidemic nephritis, Hantaan fever and Songo fever. The virus is usually transmitted to human by rodents or biting insects such as mosquitos. The severity and range of symptoms is determined by the particular virus involved.
• Hemorrhagic fever: A group of diseases caused by viruses which cause damage to blood vessels and result in hemorrhages and fever. The hemorrhaging does not always cause serious bleeding. The specific symptoms may vary depending on which particular virus is involved.
• Hendra Virus: A paramyxoviridae virus that is transmitted from animals to humans from body fluids and excretions
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A form of vasculitis (blood vessel inflammation) that affects blood capillaries and affects mostly the skin, kidneys, joints and stomach.
• Hepatitis: Any type of liver inflammation or infection.
• Hepatitis A: Contagious viral infection of the liver
• Hepatitis B: Viral liver infection spread by sex or body fluids.
• Hepatitis C: Viral liver infection spread by blood.
• Hepatitis D: Viral liver infection occurring in association with HepB.
• Hepatitis E: Viral liver infection.
• Hepatitis X: Hepatitis infection by an unknown virus not classified as HepA/B/C/D/E.
• Hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E): Viral liver inflammation that cannot be determined to be one of the existing types of viral hepatitis - A,B,C,D and E.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant): A rare form of liver cancer. The prognosis for this variant of hepatocellular cancer is better than for hepatocellular cancer.
• Hepatoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Hepatorenal tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver. Type 1 involves a deficiency of the enzyme fumaril acetoacetate hydrolase.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Chaparral: Chaparral can be used as a herbal agent to treat abdominal cramps, pain and acne. The herbal agent contains a chemical called NDGA which can cause an adverse reaction in some people. Skin contact can also result in dermatitis. Patients with preexisting liver or kidney conditions are particularly susceptible to an adverse reaction to the herbal agent.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Echinacea: Echinacea can be used as a herbal agent to treat arthritis, vaginal yeast infections, cold and flu as well as infections involving the respiratory system, urinary tract and skin. The herbal agent can produce and adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Maté: Maté can be used as a herbal agent to treat water retention, purify the blood and as a stimulant. The herbal agent contains various chemicals which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Polygonum multiflorum: The root from the Polygonum multiflorum can be used as a herbal agent to treat constipation, insomnia and vertigo. The herbal agent contains anthraquinones which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - St John's Wort: St John's Wort can be used to treat depression, stress, insomnia, anxiety and as a topical treatment for vitiligo and wounds. The herbal agent contains a chemical called xanthone which can cause symptoms if excessive doses are taken.
• Hereditary spherocytic hemolytic anemia: An inherited blood disorder where a metabolic defect causes defects in the red blood cells membranes which leads to their characteristic spherical shape (normal cells are doughnut shaped) and premature destruction.
• Hernia: General term for an organ protruding where it should not.
• Heroin dependence: The physical and psychological dependence to the recreational drug heroin
• Herpes simplex encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus and characterized by fever, headache and neurological symptoms.
• Herpes, Neonatal: Neonatal herpes is the infection of a newborn with the herpes virus within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions.
• Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A bacterial skin infection that occurs when sweat glands become blocked. Inflamed, pus producing nodules develop and eventually cause scarring. Mainly affects sweat glands in the armpits, groin, breasts and anal areas.
• High T4 syndrome: A disorder involving transient increases in thyroxine levels for no apparent reason.
• Hip cancer: The presence of tumour growth in the bone of the hip, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast; cancer affecting bone of hip likely to affect other bones e.g. vertebra, ribs
• Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell: A group of disorders involving the excessive proliferation of histiocytes (macrophages) which are not Langerhans cells. Subgroups of this disorder includes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, sinus histiocytosis, xanthogranuloma and sea-blue histiocyte syndrome. Sometimes only the skin is involved and in other cases there may be systemic involvement which can cause serious problems.
• Histoplasmosis: Lung infection from fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
• Hobo spider poisoning: The Hobo spider is a type of funnel web spider which can deliver a painful bite. Their bite can cause localized tissue necrosis which can take a long time to heal. Systemic symptoms may occur in severe cases but this is rare.
• Hodgkin disease, X-linked pseudoautosomal: An inherited form of Hodgkin disease which is a common cancer of the lymph node.
• Hodgkin lymphoma, during pregnancy: A cancer of the lymph system that occurs during pregnancy. The dilemma is that treatment can't be initiated until the baby is delivered or terminated. If the pregnancy is in the early stages, termination is recommended. If the pregnancy is in the later stages when the lymphoma occurs, the baby is usually delivered as early as safely possible in order to commence cancer treatment as soon as possible. The more prompt the treatment, the better the prognosis.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Honeymoon Bladder: Urinary tract infection, usually in women, arising from period of frequent sexual intercourse.
• Horse nettle poisoning: Horse nettle is a herbaceous plant which has prickles and bears yellow berries. The berries contain solanin alkaloids which can cause symptoms if eaten in large quantities. It is often found growing in the wild in many parts of the world. Death is considered possible if large amounts are eaten, especially in children.
• Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Anaplasma phagocytophilia) which attack granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the deer and American dog tick.
• Human monocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Ehrlichia chaffeensis) which attack monocytes(a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the Lone Star and American dog tick.
• Human parvovirus B19 infection: An infectious disease caused by parovirus B19 which causes fifth disease and erythema infectiosum.
• Humidifier lung: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with pathogens such as amoeba and certain bacteria can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Acanthamoeba spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Acanthamoeba spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Bacillus spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Bacillus spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Naegleria gruberi: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Naegleria gruberi) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Penicillum spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Penicillum spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Hydrocarbon poisoning: Excessive ingestion of hydrocarbon compounds such as turpentine, pine oil, cleaning agents, fuel, polishes, kerosene and car products.
• Hydrocodone withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Hydrocodone use is discontinued or reduced. Hydrocodone is pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Hydroid poisoning: Hydroids are a type of jellyfish commonly found in the warmer oceans of the world.
• Hyper IgE: Inherited immunodeficiency disorders involving excessive production of IgE and frequent bacterial (staphylococcal) infections mainly involving the skin as well as other problems. Recessively inherited forms of the condition tend to be more serious with bone problems.
• Hyper-IgD syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where high levels of the immunoglobulin D cause recurring episodes of fever as well as other symptoms. The duration and frequency of episodes is variable.
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare condition where too many eosinophils are produced over an extended period of time for no apparent reason. The eosinophils can infiltrate various organs and tissues and cause dysfunction or damage
• Hyperostosis cortical infantile: A rare inflammatory disorder that affects bones and soft tissue in infants. The condition may affect virtually any bone and causes excessive enlargement of part of the bone (cortex). Infant feeding problems may occur if the jaw bone is affected which can affect weight gain. The inflammatory course of the disease eventually stops and over time the bones remodel to a normal appearance.
• Hyperthermia: Hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature in the context of an unchanged thermoregulatory point in the brain.
• IV infection: An infection that occurs at an intravenous line site
• Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia: An acute lung disorder involving the infiltration of eosinophils into the lung tissue with no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic eosinophilic chronic pneumopathy: A rare disorder where eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) accumulate in the lungs and cause problems. The symptoms occur gradually over a period of weeks or even months.
• Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many eosinophils over a long period of time which can cause organ or tissue damage. The disorder can affect and part of the body but most often affects the skin, heart and nervous system. The increased eosinophil production continues for a long period of time (at least 6 months) and there is no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis: A rare disorder that affects the lining of the digestive tract. The lining of the small bowel mesentery (membrane that joins small intestine to back of abdominal wall) becomes thickened and inflamed. The condition may be mild or severe enough to cause death. The idiopathic form of the condition occurs for no apparent reason.
• Infantile multisystem inflammatory disease: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Infection: Infections as a symptom.
• Infectious Diarrhea: Infectious digestive infections causing diarrhea.
• Infectious arthritis: A rare condition where arthritis occurs as a result of joint infection by a bacteria, virus or fungus. Symptoms vary according to the infection type.
• Infectious myocarditis: Inflammation of the muscle of the heart (myocardium) due to an infection. It often occurs as a complication of various bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as rubella, polio and rheumatic fever.
• Infective endocarditis: The infection and inflammation of the inner heart layers, especially the valves. The infection is usually bacterial. The condition carries a high risk of death.
• Inflammatory breast cancer: Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer, where the skin of the breast becomes red, inflamed and pitted in appearance.
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors: A rare tumor that tends to occur mainly in the soft tissue and internal body organs. The more common specific locations are soft tissue, mediastinum, pancreas, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, mouth, skin, breast, nerve, bone and central nervous system. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the tumor.
• Inflammatory pelvic pain: Inflammatory pelvic pain can be chr, cyclic,non cyclic, localized of generalized, or a combination. It affects women of reproductive age and older. It's important to note that sudden, severe pain with mass indicates a serious disorder such as an ectopic pregnancy, and it also requires immediate evaluation and treatment.
• Insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: A rare disorder primarily involving insensitivity to pain with a lack of sweating.
• Interstitial lung disease: Any condition which affects the interstitium of the lungs
• Intestinal Conditions: Conditions that affect the intestines
• Intestinal Flu: Sudden onset, generally short-lived infection of the gastrointestinal tract; may be caused by viruses, bacteria or protozoa
• Invasive breast cancer: Invasive breast cancers usually are epithelial tumors of ductal or lobular origin. Features such as size, status of surgical margin, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), nuclear and histologic grade, DNA content, S-phase fraction, vascular invasion, tumor necrosis, and quantity of intraductal component are all important in deciding on a course of treatment for any breast tumor.
• Invasive candidiasis: Severe fungal infection usually in immunocompromised persons
• Invasive group A Streptococcal disease: Infection with Group A Streptococcal bacteria
• Irish potato poisoning: The common potato is an edible root. However, the potato sprouts and green skin in old potatoes contain chemicals such as solanine which can cause symptoms if eaten. Severe cases can result in death but this is relatively rare.
• Isopsoriasis: An infectious disease caused by a protozoa called Isospora belli and is more common in tropical and subtropical areas with poor sanitation. The infection can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients.
• Isosporiasis: Infection with a type of protozoan parasite (Isoporo belli). Infections tend to occur in tropical countries and AIDS patients are the most susceptible. Healthy individuals tend to recover within weeks whereas the disease persists for months or years in immunocompromised patients and may ultimately result in death. Incubation period is about one week.
• Isosporosiasis: A parasitic disease caused by a protozoa called Isospora belli. Infection occurs through eating contaminated food and tends to occur in tropical areas. Immunocompromised patients tend to be more susceptible to the infection and the symptoms are more severe.
• JC virus infection: A type of polyomavirus that infects most people but generally causes no symptoms. However, that virus generally only becomes symptomatic in immunosuppressed people such as those with AIDS or following organ transplant.
• Janbon syndrome: Gastrointestinal symptoms that can occur when using a drug called oxytetracycline which is a type of antibiotic. The drug tends to destroy the good bacteria in the gastrointestinal system and allows other bacteria resistant to the drug to flourish.
• Japanese encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by a flavivirus (Japanese B encephalitis virus - JBEV) and transmitted by mosquito bites. Most cases are mild and asymptomatic but severe cases can lead to death.
• Job syndrome: An immunodeficiency disorder characterized by excessive production of IgE and frequent bacterial infections mainly involving the skin.
• Juniper tar poisoning: Tar from the Juniper plant is sometimes used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Ingestion of the substance can cause poisoning symptoms.
• Juvenile dermatomyositis: A very rare autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system attacks blood vessels and causes them to become inflamed. The condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic pinkish-purple rash.
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A group of chronic inflammatory joint disorders that affects children. The condition generally involves periods of time where the condition is active followed by periods of abatement of symptoms. In some cases, the condition can be systemic and can cause symptoms such as fever and rash with organ involvement. There are three main types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis - oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic (Still's disease).
• Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer that occurs in children and involves the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Katayama fever: An acute disease due to infection with Schistosoma parasites. Transmission can occur through contact with infected waters.
• Kawasaki disease: A childhood illness that generally affects the skin, mouth and lymph nodes.
• Kernicterus: A rare condition involving high blood levels of bilirubin which can also accumulate in the brain and lead to neurological problems.
• Kidney Cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys
• Kikuchi disease: A rare lymph node disorder which is not cancerous but causes large, inflamed lymph nodes.
• Kuru: An infectious prion disease that is only found in New Guinea
• Kyasanur-Forrest disease: A viral hemorrhagic fever that is transmitted to humans through tick bites. It is most prevalent in South Asia.
• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A condition which is characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by an increased number of circulating granular lymphocytes.
• Laryngitis: Laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx which is located in the upper part of the respiratory tract.
• Lassa fever: Infectious rat-borne West African disease.
• Lederer's anemia: Lederer's anemia refers to the rapid destruction of red blood cells for no apparent reason.
• Legionella adelaidensis infection: Legionella adelaidensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella anisa infection: Legionella anisa is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella beliardensis infection: Legionella beliardensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella birminghamensis infection: Legionella birminghamensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bozemanii infection: Legionella bozemanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bruneiensis infection: Legionella bruneiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella brunensis infection: Legionella brunensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella busanensis infection: Legionella busanensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cherrii infection: Legionella cherrii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cincinnatiensis infection: Legionella cincinnatiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonii infection: Legionella donaldsonii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonil infection: Legionella donaldsonil is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drancourtii infection: Legionella drancourtii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drozanskii infection: Legionella drozanskii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella dumofii infection: Legionella dumofii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella erythra infection: Legionella erythra is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fairfieldensis infection: Legionella fairfieldensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fallonii infection: Legionella falloni is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feelei infection: Legionella feelei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feeleii infection: Legionella feeleii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gesstiana infection: Legionella gesstiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gormanii infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gratiana infection: Legionella gratiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gresilensis infection: Legionella gresilensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella hackeliae infection: Legionella hackeliae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella impletisoli infection: Legionella impletisoli is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella isrealensis infection: Legionella isrealensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jamestowniensis infection: Legionella jamestowniensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jordanis infection: Legionella jordanis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lansingensis infection: Legionella lansingensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella londinensis infection: Legionella londinensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella longbeachae infection: Legionella longbeachae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment, especially potting mixes and compost. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lytica infection: Legionella lytica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachemii infection: Legionella maceachemii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachernii infection: Legionella maceachernii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella micdadei infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella monrovica infection: Legionella monrovica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella moravica infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella nautarum infection: Legionella nautarum is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella oakridgensis infection: Legionella oakridgensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella parisiensis infection: Legionella parisiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quateirensis infection: Legionella quateirensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quinlivanii infection: Legionella quinlivanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rowbothamii infection: Legionella rowbothamii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rubrilucens infection: Legionella rubrilucens is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella sainthelensi infection: Legionella sainthelensi is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella santicrucis infection: Legionella santicrucis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella shakespearei infection: Legionella shakespearei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella spiritensis infection: Legionella spiritensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella steigerwaltii infection: Legionella steigerwaltii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tauriensis infection: Legionella tauriensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tusconensis infection: Legionella tucsonensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsorthii infection: Legionella wadsorthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsworthii infection: Legionella wadsworthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella waltersii infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella worsliensis infection: Legionella worsliensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella yabuuchiae infection: Legionella yabuuchiae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionnaires' disease: A severe respiratory disease which is caused by the Legionella pneumophila bacteria. The condition can result in pneumonia and can be life-threatening.
• Leiner Disease: A skin and immune system disorder occurring in newborns and characterized by a patch of thick red skin that usually starts on the buttocks and spreads to other parts of the body. Recurring infections, failure to thrive, wasting and nervous system deficiency are also symptomatic of the condition.
• Leishmaniasis: A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis.
• Lemierre's syndrome: A very rare condition where a throat infection leads to secondary infection and blood clot formation in the internal jugular vein. The infected blood clot can then travel to other parts of the body and cause problems. The usual bacterial culprit is Fusobacterium necrophorum.
• Leptospirosis: Bacterial infection usually caught from animal urine.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L1 is characterized by small, uniform cancer cells with a round nucleus and very little cytoplasm. L1 has a better prognosis than L2. L1 is the main form in children (about 85%) but is less common in adults (about 30%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L2 is characterized by larger cells, an irregular-shaped nucleus, more cytoplasm and significant variation between cells. L2 has a poorer prognosis than L1. L2 is the main form in adults (about 65%) but is less common in children (about 15%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L3: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells. L3 is quite uncommon but is very similar to Burkitt's lymphoma - in fact, they may be considered the same disease with different manifestations.
• Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow involving the proliferation of a type of infection-fighting white blood cell called a monocyte. Acute leukemia involves a more rapid proliferation of cancer cells compared to chronic forms of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid: A form of blood cancer that causes a proliferation of the precursors or immature red blood cells, platelets and certain white blood cells such as granulocytes and monocytes.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase: Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The aggressive phase of myeloid leukemia follows the chronic form and is a sign that the condition is progressing more rapidly to a blast crisis which is the final stage of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic: A slow-growing cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia negative form of the condition is not associated with a genetic mutation. It is distinguished from the positive form by the clinical course which is initially the same but progresses to eventual bone marrow failure without a distinct increase in blast cells. Other differences include poor response to chemotherapy, lower white blood cell counts, greater monocytosis, less basophilia, lower bone marrow myeloid to erythroid ratio and increased likelihood of developing thrombocytopenia. Philadelphia negative patients also tend to be older and median survival rates tend to be poorer.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia form of myeloid leukemia carries the poorest prognosis of all the different types. It involves an acquired genetic mutation which results in the production tyrosine kinase which causes too many white blood cells to be produced which results in a shortage of other blood cell types. Treatment is aimed at inhibiting the production of tyrosine kinase.
• Leukocytoclastic angiitis - systemic: Inflammation of small blood vessels. Usually the small blood vessels in the ski are involved but sometimes small blood vessels in other organs such as joints, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract may be involved. Symptoms become more serious once there is systemic (organ) involvement and death may result in some severe cases.
• Lipoproteine lipase deficiency: A rare inherited inborn error of metabolism involving the absence of the enzyme called lipoprotein lipase which results in increased blood triglyeride and chylomicron levels.
• Listeriosis: Bacterial food poisoning
• Listeriosis of pregnancy: Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant women.
• Liver abscess: Pus in the liver
• Liver cancer: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Local anaesthetic allergy: Using Local anaesthetic can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Locally advanced breast cancer:
• Loeffler's endocarditis: Heart muscle disease caused by ninfiltration of the heart by eosinophils (type of white blood cell). It occurs as a complication long-term, high eosinophilic levels in the peripheral blood.
• Lortab withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Lortab use is discontinued or reduced. Lortab is a pain-killer and cough reliever. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Louse-borne diseases: Diseases that are carried by the louse and contracted by humans
• Lung abscess: Pus (abscess) in the lung
• Lung cancer: Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. Most lung tumors are malignant.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lyme disease: Lyme disease is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
• Lymph node neoplasm: Lymph node tumor.
• Lymphadenitis: The inflammation of the one or several lymph nodes
• Lymphangitis: Inflammation of the lymphatic channels caused by an infectious agent.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Lymphatic neoplasm: A tumor that develops in lymphatic tissue. The tumor may be cancerous or benign.
• Lymphoblastic lymphoma: A cancer of the lymph system which usually involves immature T-lymphocytes and sometimes B-lymphocytes. The cancer usually affects the mediastinum (between the lungs), bone marrow, brain and spinal cord.
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis: Rodent-borne viral disease often causing meningitis or encephalitis
• Lymphogranuloma venereum: Type of chlamydia (sexually transmitted disease)
• Lymphoma: Cancer involving lymph nodes and the immune system.
• Lymphoma, AIDS-related: HIV patients face an increased risk of various infections and cancers. AIDS-related lymphoma is lymphoma that occurs in AIDS patients. Lymphomas are white blood cell cancers (white blood cells form part of the body's immune system).
• Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, large-cell: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic: A cancer of the immune system characterized by the presence of immunoblasts. Immunoblasts are T cells which have been transformed due to stimulation by an antigen.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system that involves small cells. The diffuse form has no distinguishable pattern of progression through the lymph node.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system consisting of small cells that can circulate readily in the blood. The cancer occurs in a follicular pattern. Despite it's ability to spread, the cancer tends to be less aggressive than the large cell variety.
• Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A rare, progressive blood vessel disease where nodular lesions destroy blood vessels - lungs, skin and nervous system are mainly involved.
• Macrophagic myofasciitis: A rare form inflammatory muscle disease which is more predominant in adults. A possible cause is believed to be aluminium found in some vaccines.
• Magrassi-Leonardi syndrome: A type of eosinophilic lung disease possibly caused by a virus. The condition may have variable presentations. Some patients have a severe pneumonia-like illness whereas other suffer fever, weakness and muscle pain for a few days.
• Majeed syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by blood abnormality and recurring bone infections.
• Malakoplakia: A rare chronic inflammatory condition of the genitourinary system that tends to mostly affect people with weakened immune systems. Soft yellow lesions or nodules form on the gastrointestinal lining. It is believed to be the result of the bodies failed attempt to completely destroy invading organisms such as fungus and bacteria.
• Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Malignant germ cell tumor: Malignant tumors that are made up of germ cells which are immature cells that eventually become reproductive system tissues in males and females. The symptoms depend on the location of the tumor which may occur in the ovaries, testes or anywhere along the body's midline such as the chest, head, abdomen, pelvis and lower back.
• Malt Worker's disease: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Malt Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Manganese poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to manganese.
• Mansonella ozzardi infection: Infection with a type of nematode (Mansonella ozzardi) found in Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Infection occurs through the bit of infected midges and blackflies.
• Mantle cell lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the B-lymphocytes) which has a very poor prognosis with the 5-year survival rate being about 25%. The lymphoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, spleen or bone marrow.
• Marburg virus: Serious virus related to Ebola.
• Marchiafava-Micheli disease: A blood disorder where abnormalities in erhtyrocyte membranes results in excessive destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia.
• Mastocytosis: A disorder where excessive amounts of mast cells proliferate in organs such as the skin, liver, bone, spleen and gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells occur in connective tissue and defend the body against disease by releasing histamine to stimulate the immune system.
• Mayapple poisoning: The Mayapple is a small flowering plant which is often found growing naturally. It bears small single flowers and apple-like fruit which turns yellow when ripe. The unripe fruit and leaves contain a chemical called podophyllin which can cause poisoning if eaten. The plant is considered highly toxic and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten. The leaves, roots and unripe fruit are toxic but the ripe fruit is edible. The plant has been used to treat venereal warts.
• Mayaro fever: Infection with a type of virus (Mayaro virus) transmitted by mosquito bites. The disease is most common in South America. The incubation period is one to two weeks.
• McLetchie-Aikens syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by fever and the development of egg-shaped inflammatory nodules in the thigh muscles and eventually in the bicep muscles.
• Measles: Once common viral infection now rare due to vaccination.
• Mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors: A rare yolk sac tumor that occurs in the mediastinal area (the area that separates the lungs). It is a type of cancer that originates from immature cells (germ cells) that evolve into gonadal tissue but can also be found in other parts of the body such as the chest. The tumors tend to be quite aggressive and often metastasize.
• Mediastinitis: Inflammation of the area between the lungs called the mediastinum which contains the heart, thymus gland, windpipe, esophagus and large blood vessels. The condition may occur suddenly (acute) or slowly over a period of time (chronic). It is often a complication of open chest surgery or penetrating chest wounds.
• Medullary Sponge Kidney: A rare inherited disorder where the tubes in the kidneys that collect urine are wider than normal.
• Medullary carcionoma: Medullary carcinoma of the breast is a variant of breast cancer. These tumors have a similar presentation to other breast cancers but are distinguished by a characteristic histologic appearance.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Meningitis: Dangerous infection of the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Meningococcal disease: Dangerous bacterial infection causing meningitis or bacteremia.
• Meningococcemia: A rare infectious disease whose main symptoms are upper respiratory tract infection, fever, rash and eye and ear problems.
• Mesothelioma: Type of lung cancer associated with asbestos.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining) or peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibres. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - peritoneal: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - pleural: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Metal Fume Fever - Aluminium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of aluminium oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Antimony: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of antimony fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Cadmium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of cadmium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Chromium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of chromium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Copper: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of copper fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Iron: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Magnesium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of magnesium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Manganese: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of manganese fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Nickel: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of nickel fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Selenium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of selenium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Silver: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of silver fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Tin: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of tin fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Zinc: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of zinc fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal fume fever: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metaplastic carcinoma: Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm containing a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.
• Metastatic breast cancer: Metastatic breast cancer is the term used to describe cancer that has spread from the original site in the breast to other organs or tissues in the body.
• Metastatic liver cancer: Metastatic liver cancer is a cancer that has spread to the liver from elsewhere in the body.
• Middle ear infection: Infection of middle ear also called otitis media.
• Millian erythema: Symptoms that occur following a course of drug injections with drugs such as arsphenamine.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Mollusk-shell hypersensitivity - inhalation: Inhalation of sea snail shell dust in occupational settings can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to small air-borne particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mononucleosis: Common infectious virus.
• Morphine allergy: Taking morphine (a painkiller) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Mosquito-borne diseases: Diseases that are carried by the mosquito
• Mouldy shower curtain hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Inhalation of mold from mouldy shower curtains can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mucha-Habermann syndrome: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring skin lumps, blisters and bleeding under the skin.
• Mucormycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses.
• Multi-centric Castleman's Disease: A rare disorder characterized by a generalized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which forms a tumor-like growth. This form of Castleman's disease is progressive and can be serious.
• Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: A rare condition characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes (immune cells) which causes destructive arthritis and skin nodules.
• Mumps: An acute viral disease that causes the salivary glands to become swollen, sore and inflamed. Immunization had greatly reduced the incidence of this disease.
• Mushroom Worker's lung - Micropolyspora faeni: Inhalation of mushroom particles and compost contaminated with bacteria (Micropolyspora faeni) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne mushroom particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mushroom Worker's lung - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris: Inhalation of mushroom particles and compost contaminated with bacteria (Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne mushroom particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mycobacterial infections: Any infection that is caused by a mycobacterial organisms
• Mycobacterium avium complex infection: Infection with an opportunistic group of bacteria. It tends to occur in immunocompromised people such as those with HIV.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Bacterial respiratory infection
• Mycoplasmal pneumonia: An infectious disease affecting the lungs and caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
• Mycosis fungoides: Mycosis fungoides is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma of the skin. The disease is typically slowly progressive and chronic.
• Mycosis fungoides, familial: A rare form of lymphatic cancer (T-cell lymphoma) that primarily affects the skin and tends to occur with higher than normal frequency within a family. The skin is affected first, then the lymph nodes become inflamed and usually cancerous. The cancer can then spread to organs such as the liver, lungs and bone marrow. Survival depends on how early treatment starts. Patients diagnosed in the early stages can survive more than 12 years whereas once the cancer has spread to other organs, death usually occurs within three years.
• Myelodysplastic syndromes: A group of syndromes characterized by a disruption in the production of blood cells. Often the bone marrow increases production of various blood cells but because many of them are defective, they are destroyed before the reach the blood stream.
• Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease: A rare group of blood and bone marrow diseases which contains features of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disease. Myelodysplastic disease is when the immature blood cells do not develop into normal functioning mature cells. Myeloproliferative disease is where excessive numbers of blood cells are made.
• Myocarditis: Inflammation of the myocardium (muscle walls of the heart)
• Myoclonus epilepsy: A form of epilepsy (brain function disturbance) associated with involuntary muscle twitching (myoclonus)
• NOMID syndrome: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Naegleria: Rare bacterial infection from contaminated water
• Nanukayami:
• Nausea: The queasy feeling of nausea and often also vomiting.
• Necrobacillosis: A form of bacterial blood infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum which can occur as a complication of throat infections. The infection is potentially fatal and can cause the development of abscesses in various parts of the body including the brain and lungs .
• Necrotizing fasciitis: A severe, progressive skin infection which causes progressive destruction of skin and underlying tissue. It is caused by certain bacteria and has a high mortality rate.
• Negative rheumatoid factor polyarthritis: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which doesn't involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A rare inherited condition where the kidneys can't concentrate the urine sufficiently which results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition occurs because the kidneys are unable to respond to the antidiuretic hormone.
• Neuroectodermal tumors primitive: A type of brain tumor that consists of small round cells and is believed to originate from primitive nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms are determined by the exact location of the tumor.
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A severe, potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs.
• Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type IV: A rare disorder characterized mainly by insensitivity to pain and inability to sweat.
• Neutropenia: Reduced number of granulocytes in the blood
• Nipah virus encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by the Nipah virus which can infect pigs and humans so transmission usually occurs through contact with pigs.
• Nocardiosis: A rare infectious disease caused by the bacteria Nocardia asteroides which primarily affects the lung but may also involve the brain, soft tissues and other organs.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, during pregnancy: A cancer that originates in the lymphatic system and occurs during pregnancy. The greatest problem is the fact that the cancer is usually quite aggressive and delays in delivery often results in delayed treatment and a poor prognosis.
• Non-Specific Urethritis: Urethral infection usually sexually transmitted
• Nosocomial infections: Any infection that originates in a hospital
• Novacaine drug allergy: Taking Novacaine (local anesthetic often used in dentistry) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Observation hip syndrome: A transient disorder that affects children and teenagers and involves hip problems which tend to resolve within weeks. It is believed to be due to inflammation of the hip caused by injury or infection.
• Obstructive Jaundice: Condition where blockage of the flow of bile from the liver causes overspill of bile products into the blood and incomplete bile excretion from the body.
• Oesophagostomiasis: A parasitic intestinal infection caused by a nematode called Oesophagostomum bifurcum. The parasite commonly infects monkeys, goats, cattle, sheep and pigs. The infection is relatively rare in humans but is most commonly found in northern Togo and Ghana. Transmission usually occurs through oral contact with contaminated soil.
• Ogilvie's syndrome: A rare gastrointestinal disorder where the peristaltic action of the colon is absent which prevents fecal matter from passing through.
• Oligodontia, keratitis, skin ulceration and arthroosteolysis: A rare condition characterized by a variety of abnormalities including missing teeth, recurring skin ulceration, eye problems and nail symptoms.
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever: A hemorrhagic fever caused by a virus. A serious outbreak occurred in Omsk and hence the name. Transmission occurs through tick bites. The infection has two phases: the first acute phase involves symptoms such as fever, rash and muscle pain and the second phase occurs after a week or two and involves the central nervous system (e.g. delirium, convulsions).
• Oophoritis: Ovary inflammation
• Opisthorchiasis: Infection with a type of fluke (Southeast Asian liver fluke or cat liver fluke). Infection usually occurs by consuming infected undercooked fish. Acute infection may cause fever, joint pain, rash, eosinophilia and lymphadenopathy where as chronic infections may cause enlarged liver, malnutrition. Mild cases can cause constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Occasionally, the infection may be asymptomatic and in the other extreme, severe cases may result in complications such as cholangiocarcinoma.
• Opportunistic infections: Is defined as an infection that occurs due to an organism that does not usually cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain conditions
• Optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic: Impaired vision due to optic nerve damage caused by problems with the blood supply to the nerve. The non-arteritic form is caused by and interrupted blood supply to the optic disk. Usually one eye is affected first and maybe eventually be followed by the other. Often only part of the visual field is affected.
• Oriental Hornet poisoning: The Oriental hornet can deliver a venomous sting which can result in serious and even life-threatening symptoms. Allergies to the venom are also a possible life-threatening consequence. Multiple stings increase the severity of symptoms.
• Orthomyxovirus-related Cold: An Orthomyxovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Orthomyxovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterised by mechanical disrturbances due to degradation of joints. It is the most common form of arthritis, and the leading cause of chronic disability.
• Osteomyelitis: A bone inflammation caused by bacteria. The inflammation usually originates in another part of the body and is transported to the bone via the blood.
• Ovarian cysts: Cysts occurring in the ovaries.
• PFIC: A rare inherited condition where bile is unable to drain from the liver where it builds up and causes progressive liver damage. End-stage liver disease usually occurs before adulthood. There are three different subtypes of the disorder, each with a different genetic origin of the defect.
• Pancreatic abscess: A localized pus-filled cavity (abscess) in the pancreas which usually occurs after pancreatitis. Death can occur if the abscess is not drained.
• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas causing digestive complaints.
• Panniculitis: A group of conditions that cause inflammation of the subcutaneous fat.
• Paprika splitter's lung: Inhalation of paprika dust in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated paprika dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Paprika splitter's lung - Mucor Stolonifer: Inhalation of paprika dust contaminated with a pathogen (Mucor Stolonifer) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated paprika dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Para-amino benzoic acid overuse: High doses of para-amino benzoic acid (member of the vitamin B family) cause symptoms.
• Paragonimiases - lung infection: Infection by a parasitic worm, Paragonimus westermani, which are a type of lung fluke which invade the lungs and other organs where they cause problems. Infection occurs through eating freshwater crabs and crayfish which have not been cooked sufficiently.
• Paragonimiasis: Infection by a parasitic worm, Paragonimus westermani, which are a type of lung fluke which invade the lungs, and sometimes other organs, where they cause problems. Occasionally the parasites infect the brain which can occasionally result in death. Infection occurs through eating freshwater crabs and crayfish which have not been cooked sufficiently.
• Parainfluenza virus type 1: Parainfluenza is an influenza-like viral disease that can cause croup, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Type 1 virus occurs during autumn every second year and tends to primarily cause croup as well as respiratory tract infection.
• Parainfluenza virus type 2: Parainfluenza is an influenza-like viral disease that can cause croup, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Type 2 virus occurs during autumn every second year and tends to primarily cause respiratory tract illness but is milder and less frequent than type 1.
• Parainfluenza virus type 3: Parainfluenza is an influenza-like viral disease that can cause croup, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Type 3 virus occurs during spring and summer in temperate climates but can continue into autumn.
• Parainfluenza virus type 4: Parainfluenza is an influenza-like viral disease that can cause croup, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Type 4 virus causes mild sporadic illness.
• Paramyxovirus -related Cold: A Paramyxovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Paramyxovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes: A group of symptoms that occur in some individuals that are carriers of cancer
• Parasitic appendicitis: Appendicitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the vermiform appendix that spreads to its other parts. Appendicitis may occur for several reasons, with parasitic diseases being one of the causes.
• Parrot Breeder's disease: Inhalation of parrot dropping in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the parrot droppings. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pasteurella multocida: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Pasteurella multocida. It is often transmitted through bites and scratches from pets and it can be found in mammals and fowl.
• Pauli's hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Inhalation of Pauli's reagent in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Peach seed poisoning: Peach seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the peach plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Infection of the womb and fallopian tubes.
• Pelvic abscess: A pus-filled cavity in the pelvis due to infection.
• Pemphigus and fogo selvagem: An autoimmune skin disease characterized by skin blisters and a burning sensation. It is endemic particularly in Brazil but may also occur in other countries.
• Penicillin allergy: Taking penicillin (a type of antibiotic) can cause an allergic response in some people. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs. Penicillin allergy is one of the more common types of drug allergies.
• Percocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Percocet use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
• Perichondritis: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the ear cartilage. The inflammation can result from such things as trauma, burns, piercings and chronic ear infections. Prompt treatment is needed to prevent deformity of the ears.
• Periorbital Cellulitis: Bacterial infection of the superficial tissues surrounding the eyes, often following a conjunctivitis or middle ear infection
• Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: An aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-lymphocytes that circulate in the blood in the peripheral parts of the body. It is a rapidly growing lymphoma.
• Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor: A type of tumor that consists of small round cells and occurs in bone or soft tissue in the extremities of the body such as the arms, legs, pelvis or chest wall. Symptoms are determined by the location of the tumor. The tumor may be malignant or benign.
• Perirectal abscess: A pus-filled cavity that develops in the anal opening. The inflammation can be caused by injury to the anal area which can lead to bacteria entering the anal skin. The injury may be related to such things as anal fissures, hemorrhoids.
• Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia is a blood disorder where the body is unable to use it properly use Vitamin B12 to make red blood cells.
• Pharyngitis: Inflammation or infection of the larynx in the throat
• Pharyngoconjunctival fever: An infectious disease usually caused by adenovirus type 3. The infection may be acute, epidemic or sporadic and is more common in children. Infection can be transmitted through swimming pools. The incubation period is 5-9 days.
• Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia: A form of leukemia.
• Pigeon Breeder's disease: Inhalation of pigeon dropping in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the pigeon droppings. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Plague: A rare but serious bacterial infection involving the bacterium Yersinia Pestis which can be carried by rodents and transmitted to humans by flea bites or through direct contact with an infected animal.
• Plant poisoning - Amygdalin: Amygdalin is a chemical found naturally in various plants e.g. stone fruit kernels and raw almonds. Eating these parts of the plant that contain the chemical can cause symptoms of cyanide poisoning as the amygdalin is converted to cyanide by the digestive process. Obviously, the concentration of the chemical varies amongst species of plant and often, significant quantities are needed to produce symptoms. Nevertheless, severe poisoning can result in death. Amygdalin is believed by some to inhibit cancers but there has been no conclusive proof of this.
• Plant poisoning - Cyanogenic glycoside: Cyanogenic glycoside is a toxin found naturally in various plants e.g. cherries, plums, almonds, peaches, apricots, apples and cassava. The chemical is usually concentrated in the seeds, kernels or wilted leaves. Eating these parts of the plant that contain the chemical can cause symptoms of cyanide poisoning as the cyanogenic glycoside is converted to cyanide by the digestive process. Even chewing the leaves can result in conversion to cyanide due to the presence of digestive enzymes in the mouth. Obviously, the concentration of the chemical varies amongst species of plant and often, significant quantities are needed to produce symptoms. Nevertheless, severe poisoning can result in death.
• Plasma cell leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the peripheral blood system. The prognosis is generally poor for this usually aggressive condition.
• Pleuropulmonary blastoma: A type of tumor that originates from precursor cells or blasts (immature or embryonic tissue) in the lungs or covering of the lungs.
• Plexosarcoma: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneum.
• Pneumococcal meningitis: Pneumococcal meningitis is an inflammation or infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcus).
• Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia: An infectious disease caused by the fungus called Pneumocystitis carinii which causes pneumonia. It primarily occurs in people with a poor immune system.
• Pneumocystosis: Infection of the lung by a fungal organism called pneumocystis Carinii. The organism is found readily in most environments but generally does not affect healthy individuals. It occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised people such as AIDS sufferers or those undergoing chemotherapy.
• Pneumonia: Infection of the lung by bacteria, viruses or fungus.
• Pneumonia caused by serotype O11 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by an opportunistic pathogen called Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.
• Pneumonia, Aspiration: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by breathing in liquids and solids (usually the stomach contents).
• Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lungs and bronchioles caused by a virus.
• Pneumonia, eosinophilic: Infiltration of the lungs by eosinophils (type of white blood cell) which can be caused by asthma or as a reaction to certain drugs or parasitic infections.
• Pneumonic plague: Severe flea-borne bacterial disease affecting the lungs
• Pneumonitis: Inflammation of the lungs
• Polio: Dangerous virus now rare due to vaccination.
• Polyarteritis nodosa: A serious blood vessel disease where small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged and are unable to adequately supply oxygenated blood to various tissues in the body. The disease can occur in a mild form or a serious, rapidly fatal form.
• Polyarthritis, rheumatic factor-negative: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which doesn't involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Polychondritis: A serious, progressive, episodic condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage in the body. The duration and severity of the episodes can vary.
• Polymer Fume Fever: Polymer fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of fumes which can occur when Polytetrafluoroethylene (commercially known as Fluon, Teflon and Halon) is heated to high temperatures. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the polymer industry.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica: A condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, fatigue and fever. It is often associated with giant-cell arteritis which is a related but more serious condition.
• Polyomavirus Infections: A viral infection that is often acquired during childhood but generally presents no symptoms. However, that virus may be reactivated when a patient receives immunosuppressive therapy following an organ transplant. Most adults have antibodies to the virus in their bodies. The polyomavirus family has two main subgroups: BK virus and JC virus.
• Pontiac fever: Mild form of legionellosis usually in healthy people.
• Porphyria: A group of disorders characterized by excess production of porphyrin or its precursors which affects the skin and/or nervous system.
• Porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria: An inherited disorder that affects the nervous system and sometimes the skin. It occurs when a metabolic disorder results in excessive production of coproporphyrins which accumulate in body tissues and is excreted in large amounts.
• Positive rheumatoid factor polyarthritis: A form of rheumatoid arthritis which involves the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood. More than one joint is involved.
• Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease: The development of B cell lymphomas that occurs as a complication due to the use of immunosuppressants following an organ transplant. The disorder can be alleviated by reducing immunosuppressant use but sometimes non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can develop which may be fatal.
• Postinfectious cough: Patients who complain of a persistent cough lasting > 3 weeks after experiencing the acute symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection with normal chest radiograph findings,may have a postinfectious cough
• Postoperative Abdominal Wound Dehiscence: The breakdown of a postoperative abdominal wound
• Postperfusion lung syndrome: A breathing complication that can occur within hours of heart surgery involving blood transfusions. Death is relatively common with this complication.
• Postperfusion syndrome: A complication that can occasionally occur following blood transfusion. The condition is believed to be caused by Ebstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus present in the transfused blood.
• Postpericardiotomy syndrome: A complication that can occur after open-heart surgery. Symptoms can occur from days to weeks after the surgery. The condition is possibly caused by an autoimmune process triggered by a virus.
• Poxviridae disease: A group of infectious diseases that cause puss filled skin eruptions. Chicken pox and small pox are examples.
• Pre-invasive breast cancer:
• Precalicial canalicular ectasia: A rare inherited disorder where the tubes in the kidneys that collect urine are wider than normal.
• Primary Emphysema: It includes Panacinar and Centriacinar emphysema. It is related to the destruction of alveoli, because of an inflammation or deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin
• Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: A relatively rare but serious infectious disease caused by Naegleria fowleri which is a type of free-living amoeba that can be found in warm fresh water and damp soil. The incubation period is from a few days to a week.
• Primary granulocytic sarcoma: A malignant tumor derived from immature white blood cells called myeloblasts. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most commonly found in bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin. Symptoms will vary according to the location of the tumor.
• Primary malignant lymphoma: The excessive proliferation of lymphocytes which forms part of the immune system. Primary cancers refer to the fact that the cancer originated in the lymph cells rather than having metastasized.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology that is recognized increasingly in children.
• Prostatic malacoplakia associated with prostatic abscess: A rare condition characterized by prostatic malacoplakia (mucosal lesion) which also involves a prostate abscess. Malacoplakia is an inflammatory disease the usually affects the genitourinary system. The condition may be misdiagnosed as prostate cancer.
• Prostatitis: Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, in men.
• Protozoan Conditions: Any condition caused by the infection of the human being by a protozoan organism
• Pseudomembranous Colitis: Diarrhoeal illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium difficile, usually following a recent course of antibiotics and disruption of normal bowel bacteria
• Pseudomonas stutzeri infections: A bacterial infection found in soil and water environments.
• Psittacosis: An infectious disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci and transmitted mainly by infected birds but also by some mammals.
• Puerperal fever: Delayed uterine infection after childbirth
• Pulmonary embolism: Blocked lung blood vessel often from a blood clot.
• Pulmonary mucormycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Pulmonary mucormycosis involves infection of the lungs.
• Pulmonary zygomycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Pulmonary zygomycosis involves infection of the lungs.
• Pulp Worker's disease: Inhalation of pulp particles contaminated with fungus in an occupational setting (paper mill industry) can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne pulp particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pulp Worker's disease - Alternaria spp.: Inhalation of pulp particles contaminated with fungus (Alternaria spp.) in an occupational setting (e.g. paper mill industry) can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne wood pulp particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Puss caterpillar poisoning: The puss caterpillar has hollow, poison-filled spines amongst the hairs along its body. It is found mainly in the southern states of the United states. It is often found feeding on trees such as elm, oak and sycamore. Contact with the poisonous spines can result in various symptoms. The puss caterpillar is one of the more poisonous stinging caterpillars. Children tend to be more severely affected than adults.
• Pyelonephritis: Kidney and ureter infection usually bacterial from the bladder.
• Pylephlebitis: A pus-producing inflammation of the wall of the portal vein that drains blood from the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract. The infection is often fatal. It usually occurs as a complication of abdominal or pelvic infections such as diverticulitis and appendicitis.
• Pyogenic pericarditis: The pericardium is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. Infection can cause the pericardium to become inflamed and swollen and to produce pus. It may result from a ruptured esophagus, heart infection or from surgery involving the heart or chest cavity. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Pyomyositis: A bacterial infection of the muscles caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It occurs in tropical areas and people with weak immune systems are the most vulnerable.
• Q fever: A disease caused by Coxiella burnetti which causes fever, headache and muscle pain.
• Queensland tick typhus: Form of typhus from North-Australian ticks
• Rabies: An infectious disease that can affect any mammal including humans and is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. The infectious agent is the Neurotropic lyssavirus which affects the salivary gland and also causes neurological symptoms.
• Rat-bite fever: An infectious diseases where a bite from a rate transmits a bacterial or fungal infection. The symptoms depend on the infecting organism.
• Rectractile mesenteritis: A disorder involving the tissue that connects the small intestine to the back of the back of the abdominal wall (mesentery) and is characterized by infection and inflammation followed by fibrosis.
• Recurring airway infection:
• Recurring meningitis: This is a form of benign, recurrent, aseptic meningitis.
• Reiter’s syndrome: A form of reactive arthritis characterized by arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.
• Relapsing fever: Tick-borne disease with symptoms that resolve and then relapse
• Renal abscess: A pus-filled cavity that develops in the kidney as a result of inflammation. The inflammation may result from other purulent infections in the body. It is most common in young adults.
• Renal cancer, familial: A genetic form of kidney cancer that tends to run in families.
• Renal carbuncle: Kidney abscess
• Renal colic: Severe urinary system pain usually from a urinary stone
• Renal infarction: The death of an area of tissue in the kidney due to a localized lack of oxygen. Usually results from an interruption in the blood supply. The severity of the symptoms depends on how large the affected part of the kidney is. Small infarcts can produce virtually no symptoms. The condition is relatively uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed.
• Renal mucormycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Renal mucormycosis is very rare and involves infection of the kidneys.
• Renal tuberculosis: Kidney affected by tuberculosis
• Renal zygmycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales which are normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. The infection differs from mucormycosis which only involves the order Mucorales. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Renal zygomycosis involves infection of the kidneys.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: A very contagious viral infection that causes respiratory diseases. It generally only causes common cold-like symptoms in adults but can be serious in young children, infants, the elderly and people with a weakened immune system.
• Respiratory infections: Any infection that occurs to the respiratory system
• Respiratory syncytial virus: Viral respiratory infection serious in young infants.
• Respiratory syncytial virus-related Cold: A Respiratory syncytial virus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Respiratory syncytial virus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Respiratory system cancer: A condition that is characterised by a malignancy anatomically located in the respiratory system
• Reticuloendotheliosis: An inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system which is involved in destroying bacteria and other unwanted substances that enter the body.
• Retroperitoneal abscess: An abscess (pus-filled cavity) in the retroperitoneal area (space behind the abdominal cavity).
• Retropharyngeal abscess: An abscess (pus-filled cavity) in the back of the throat. Prompt treatment is needed to avoid obstruction of airways and other complications including death.
• Reye's Syndrome: A syndrome in children recovering from infection and associated with aspirin.
• Rhabditida Infections: Infection with a parasitic worm from the order rhabditida. The symptoms are determined by the species involved.
• Rhabdoid tumor: An aggressive malignant tumor that occurs in children. Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor. The tumors often form in the kidneys and then tend to metastasize to the brain and sometimes the lungs.
• Rhabdomyolysis: Skeletal muscle injury or death, which releases muscle fibres into the blood.
• Rheumatic fever: An inflammatory disorder that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal bacterial infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever. The condition may affect the brain, skin, heart and joints.
• Rheumatic pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication in people with rheumatism. Rheumatic pericarditis condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Rheumatoid vasculitis: A rare disorder where sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis with joint inflammation develop inflammation of small and medium sized blood vessels. It tends to mostly affect the blood vessels in the skin. The symptoms are determined by which part of the body is affected.
• Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: A rare opportunistic infection that tends to occur mainly in the brain and sinuses. The condition is usually fatal and generally only affects immunocompromised people such as patients with leukemia, lymphoma or those that have had organ transplants or chemotherapy. The infectious agent is saprophytic fungi.
• Rhinocerebral zygomycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales which are normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. The infection differs from mucormycosis which only involves the order Mucorales. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Rhinocerebral zygomycosis involves infection of the paranasal sinuses and the central nervous system.
• Rhinovirus infection: Infection with the rhinovirus which can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated secretions from an infected person (e.g. sneezing or nasal or oral secretions on hands). The rhinovirus can cause the common cold and pharyngitis.
• Rhinovirus-related Cold: A Rhinovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Rhinovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition. About a third of all common colds in adults are caused by one of the rhinoviruses.
• Rhodococcus equi: A rare form of bacterial infection that usually affects horses and foals but can cause infection mainly in immunocompromised people. Infection usually starts at the site of some sort of trauma. Symptoms and severity may vary considerably depending on the location and extent of the infection.
• Rib Tumor: The presence of tumour growth in the ribs, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary bony metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast.
• Richter syndrome: A rare but serious form of acute adult leukemia. The disease occurs when chronic lymphocytic leukemia transforms into diffuse large cell lymphoma which is a fast-growing form of lymphoma. The condition tends to be more common in older adults.
• Rickettsia siberica: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia siberica and transmitted by ticks. The condition is endemic in central Asia and can be fatal in severe cases.
• Rickettsia typhi: An infectious diseases caused by Rickettsia typhi and transmitted by fleas. It is a generally mild form of typhus which rarely causes death.
• Rickettsial disease: A disease caused by infection with rickettsial bacteria which are transmitted by arthropods such as ticks, mites and lice. Different rickettsial bacteria can cause different types of infections such as typhus, spotted fever and trench fever. Symptoms can vary somewhat between the different types.
• Ricketttsialpox: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia akari and transmitted by mice mites.
• Rift Valley Fever: Mosquito-borne viral infection affecting animals and humans
• Rimbaud-Passouant-Vallat syndrome: A type of brain inflammation.
• Ritter syndrome: A rare infantile skin disorder involving severe redness, inflammation, blistering and peeling of skin and mucous membranes which can result from a variety of infections, malignancies and drugs.
• Rocio encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by a flavivirus called Rocio virus. It occurs in south-eastern Brazil with transmission occurring through mosquito bites. The incubation period is 1-2 weeks. Death is not an uncommon outcome.
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A bacterial disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by ticks. The condition causes fever and a characteristic rash and may be fatal in severe or untreated cases.
• Rosai-Dorfman disease: A rare condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of a particular white blood cell (histiocyte). Accumulation primarily occurs in the lymph nodes, especially in the neck, but may also occur in the skin, central nervous system, digestive tract and kidneys.
• Roundworm: A worm of the class nematode
• Rubella: A contagious viral infection caused by the Rubella virus which produces a rash and lymph node swelling. It can have serious implication in pregnant women as the virus can be transmitted through the placenta and cause serious fetal defects or even fetal death.
• Sacroilitis: Inflammation of the sacro-iliac joint
• Salmonella anatum infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which mainly causes gastroenteritis. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salmonella choleraesuis infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which mainly causes gastroenteritis. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salmonella enteritidis: Type of salmonella food poisoning usually from eggs.
• Salmonella enteritidis infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which mainly causes gastroenteritis. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salmonella food poisoning: Common type of food poisoning.
• Salmonella heidelberg infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which mainly causes gastroenteritis. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salmonella newport infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which mainly causes gastroenteritis. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salmonella typhimurium infection: An infection caused by bacteria from the Salmonella genus which can result in gastroenteritis, fever or may be asymptomatic. Infection is caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks.
• Salpingitis: Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
• Sandfly fever: Viral infection from sandfly bites
• Sarcoid: A granulomatous disorder affecting many systems, in particular the lungs, skin and eyes.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Sarcoidosis, pulmonary: A rare disease involving inflammation of the lungs which leads to the development of nodules, fibrosis and scarring of lung tissue.
• Sarcoma botryoides: An aggressive form of cancer that arises from embryonic muscle cells. The tumor resembles a bunch of grapes and tends to occur in the genitourinary tract. Common locations are the cervix, vagina and bladder and very rare cases can occur in the bile duct or the soft tissues of the head and neck. It occurs most often in female infants and young children. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact location of the tumor.
• Scarletina (Scarlet Fever): Infection with a Group A streptococcus bacteria, which causes a characteristic sore throat and rash.
• Schistosomiasis: Parasitic fluke infection in developing countries
• Scleredema adultorum: A rare skin condition characterized by thickening of the skin usually in the head, neck and upper body area. The disorder is often associated with conditions such as infections, myelomas and diabetes.
• Sclerosing Cholangitis: Chronic hereditary disease causing inflammation and destruction of the bile ducts in and around the liver with subsequent blockage to bile flow
• Sclerosing Mesenteritis: A rare disorder that affects the lining of the digestive tract. The lining of the small bowel mesentery (membrane that joins small intestine to back of abdominal wall) becomes thickened and inflamed. The condition may be mild or severe enough to cause death. It may occur for no apparent reason or may be associated with previous abdominal surgery and certain inflammatory disorders such as sclerosing cholangitis.
• Scrub typhus: Type of typhus usually caught from ticks
• Sea Hare poisoning: Certain species of sea hares can result in poisoning if eaten. Sea hares are marine mollusks. Two species with a potential for poisoning are found in Oceans near Fiji and Japan. Eating the eggs of these sea hares can also cause liver damage. Poisoning by sea hares is considered quite rare. The substance underlying the condition is organic bromine compounds.
• Sea snake poisoning: The Sea snake is a poisonous snake found in the warmer western parts of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Sea snakes have scales but not gills or fins so they still need to go to the surface of the water to breathe. Sea snake venom is particularly poisonous but their bite fails to achieve any significant envenomation. The venom is toxic to the nervous system and muscles.
• Sea wasp poisoning: The sea wasp can deliver a serious sting and can be found in the waters of Northern Australia and the Philippines. Death can occur in as little as a few minutes if a person is severely stung.
• Sea wasp poisoning (Chiropsalmus quadrigatus): The Chiropsalmus quadrigatus jellyfish can deliver a serious sting and can be found in the waters of Northern Australia and the Philippines. Death can occur in as little as a few minutes if a person is severely stung.
• Sea wasp poisoning - Chironex fleckeri: The Chironex fleckeri jellyfish is one of the deadliest jellyfish in the world. It can deliver a serious sting and can be found mainly in the waters of Northern Australia and the Philippines. Death can occur in as little as a few minutes if a person is severely stung.
• Secernentea Infections: Infection with a type of parasitic nematode (worm). The symptoms are highly variable depending on where the worm migrates to through out the body and which particular species is involved. Some examples of nematodes are Wuchereria, Spirurina, Mansonella, Drucunculus, Loa and Ascaris.
• Secondary Emphysema:
• Secondary syphilis: A condition which is characterized by fever, multiform skin eruptions, iritis, alopecia, mucous patches and severe pain in the head and joints
• Sei whale poisoning: The Sei whale is eaten in certain parts of Asia. Eating the liver of the Sei whale can cause poisoning symptoms in humans if sufficient quantities are consumed. It is believed that the poisoning results from the very high levels of vitamin A in the liver.
• Sennetsu Fever: A rare infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Ehrlichia sennetsu.
• Sepsis: The presence of pathological micro-organisms in the blood
• Sepsis Syndrome: A life-threatening condition that results from infection that has spread throughout the body.
• Septic abortion: An abortion associated with a uterine infection. The infection can occur during or just before or after an abortion. The infection can result from factors such as Chlamydia, IUD's or attempted abortion using infected tools.
• Septic shock: serious medical condition caused by decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery as a result of infection and sepsis, though the microbe may be systemic or localized to a particular site
• Seronegative spondyloarthropathy: Spondyloarthropathy that is negative to rheumatoid facotr
• Serotonin Syndrome: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Serratia cerebral abscess: Cerebral abscess caused by bacteria from the Serratia genus. These bacteria are a rare cause of infection. The risk of infection is increased by head trauma or any sort of surgery or testing involving the central nervous system.
• Serratia meningitis: Meningitis caused by bacteria from the Serratia genus. These bacteria are a rare cause of infection. The risk of infection is increased by head trauma or any sort of surgery or testing involving the central nervous system.
• Serratia sepsis: Blood infection caused by bacteria from the Serratia genus. These bacteria are a rare cause of infection.
• Severe congenital neutropenia: A rare inherited blood disorder involving a lack of neutrophils which are a type of white blood cell needed to fight bacterial infections.
• Shigella boydii infection: Shigella boydii is a species of bacteria from the Shigella genus. Infection with this bacteria causes diarrhea. The severity of the disease is variable depending on the underlying health of the individual - the young and old tend to be more severely affected. Infection usually occurs through the fecal-oral route. Infection can be transmitted between people unless appropriate hygiene measures are undertaken. Some infected patients are asymptomatic and are those more likely to transmit infection to other people.
• Shigella dysenteriae infection: Shigella dysenteriae is a species of bacteria from the Shigella genus. Dysenteriae is the most common cause of epidemic dysentery in condensed populations such as refugee camps. Infection with this bacteria causes diarrhea. The severity of the disease is variable depending on the underlying health of the individual - the young and old tend to be more severely affected. Infection usually occurs through the fecal-oral route. Infection can be transmitted between people unless appropriate hygiene measures are undertaken. Some infected patients are asymptomatic and are those more likely to transmit infection to other people.
• Shigella flexneri infection: Shigella flexneri is a species of bacteria from the Shigella genus. Flexneri is the most common cause of Shigellosis in the world. Infection with this bacteria causes diarrhea. The severity of the disease is variable depending on the underlying health of the individual - the young and old tend to be more severely affected. Infection usually occurs through the fecal-oral route. Infection can be transmitted between people unless appropriate hygiene measures are undertaken. Some infected patients are asymptomatic and are those more likely to transmit infection to other people.
• Shigella sonnei infection: Shigella sonnei is a species of bacteria from the Shigella genus. Sonnei is the most common cause of Shigellosis in the developed world. Infection with this bacteria causes diarrhea. The severity of the disease is variable depending on the underlying health of the individual - the young and old tend to be more severely affected. Infection usually occurs through the fecal-oral route. Infection can be transmitted between people unless appropriate hygiene measures are undertaken. Some infected patients are asymptomatic and are those more likely to transmit infection to other people.
• Shigellosis: An infectious disease which affects the intestinal tract and is caused by the Shigella bacteria. The condition may be severe, especially in children, but may be asymptomatic in some cases. The disease can be transmitted through fecal-oral contact.
• Shock, Septic: Shock is a life-threatening condition involving insufficient blood flow to the body tissues. Septic shock is caused by infection which affects large parts of the body. This form of shock results in death in about half of the cases.
• Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Silicosiderosis: A lung disorder caused by breathing in dust containing iron and silica.
• Silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in silica dust.
• Silkworm dropping lung: Inhalation of silkworm dropping particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Silo unloader syndrome: An occupational lung disease that occurs in farm workers who go into a silo and breath in the nitrogen dioxide which are toxic to the body. Death can occur in some cases. Symptoms usually occur within a week of entering the silo.
• Silver poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to silver.
• Simian B virus infection: A type of herpesvirus which occurs in monkeys but can be transmitted to humans through bites or through contact with infected monkey tissue as in a laboratory situation. The virus infects the brain (encephalitis) and the surrounding membrane (meningitis).
• Sinus tachycardia: A condition which is characterized by a fast heart rate
• Sinusitis: Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
• Sjögren syndrome, secondary: An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks parts of the body that produce moisture such as the eyes, mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Sjögren syndrome can occur on its own (primary) or with another connective tissue disease (secondary) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. The condition can be mild or severe.
• Small Intestine Cancer: Cancer of the small intestine.
• Smallpox: Dangerous virus now almost eliminated worldwide by vaccination.
• Smith disease: A harmless condition involving increased lymphocyte levels which may manifest as a variety of symptoms or may be asymptomatic. Diseases such as whooping cough and German measles are believed to be possible causes. The disease most commonly occurs in children and young adults.
• Smokers throat: Irritation or inflammation of the throat caused due to excessive smoking.
• Smoldering adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The smoldering form tends to progress even slower than the chronic form and responds the best to treatment.
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A rare type of cancerous tumor that originates in soft tissues of the body which includes muscles, nerves, tendons, blood vessels and fat. They can occur anywhere in the body and are often asymptomatic during the early stages and symptoms in the later stages depend on the location and size of the tumor.
• Speech impairment: Any impairment to ones ability to speek
• Spencer disease: A possibly viral epidemic disease which is occurs during winter and involves a range of gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Sphenoid Sinusitis: Accumulation of mucoid secretions in the sphenoid sinus located deep to the nose, often with subsequent colonisation and infection by bacteria, viruses or fungi
• Spider Bites: A puncture wound caused by a spider that may involve the release of noxious substances or bacteria.
• Spirochetes disease: Infection with a type of bacteria which is often found in mud, sewage and polluted water. Symptoms are determined by the species involved. Diseases caused by this bacteria include Treponema infection and borreliosis.
• Spleen Cancer: Malignancy of white blood cells with tumour deposits in the spleen.
• Spleen conditions: Any condition that affects the spleen
• Spleen neoplasm: A tumor that originates in the spleen.
• Splenic infarct: A relatively uncommon condition where a portion of spleen tissue dies due to a lack of sufficient blood supply to the affected tissue for any reason. An interruption in the blood supply can result from such things as emboli, thrombi, twisted blood vessels or blood pressure changes, trauma and blood disorders such as leukemia and abnormal blood coagulation. The severity of symptoms depends on the amount of spleen tissue involved.
• Splenic infarcts: A rare condition were blood flow to a part of the spleen is interrupted by such things as blood clots and causes some of the spleen tissue to die. Symptoms depend on the amount of damage to the spleen.
• Spotted fevers: An acute condition caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii
• Stachybotrys chartarum: A toxic black slimy mold that can be found in damp indoor environments. Exposure can occur through the skin, ingestion or inhalation. It can causes conditions such as "sick building syndrome".
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A rare but serious condition involving inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is believed to be an allergic reaction that can occur in response to some drugs or infectious diseases.
• Strep throat: Streptococcal bacterial throat infection.
• Streptococcal Group A invasive disease: Group A streptococci are bacteria which are commonly found in the throat or on the skin. Often it causes no symptoms but in some cases it can cause mild illnesses such as strep throat or more serious, life-threatening diseases such as toxic shock syndrome or flesh-eating disease. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin sores or nose and throat discharges. Symptoms are determined by the location and extent of the bacterial infection.
• Streptococcal Group B invasive disease: Infection with bacteria called Group B Streptococcus which can cause severe symptoms or even death. The bacteria occur in the stomach and the urogenital tract of females and are normally harmless and cause no symptoms. However, it can cause a range of diseases in newborns, the elderly and people with poor immune systems.
• Streptococcal Infections: Various "strep" bacterial infections.
• Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: Toxic shock from streptococcal bacteria infection.
• Stridor: A harsh high pitched breath sound
• Striped Blister Beetle poisoning: The striped blister beetle is native to many parts of America and Canada. Animals that accidentally eat the beetles can become quite ill and they can also cause symptoms in humans if accidentally ingested. The beetles contain toxic substances called cantharidin and pederin which can cause symptoms through skin or eye exposure as well as through ingestion.
• Stroke: Serious brain event from bleeding or blood clots.
• Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, bowed long bones and permanent flexion of fingers.
• Subacute Thyroiditis: A self-limiting, virally induced inflammation of the thyroid characterised by a febrile illness and swelling of the thyroid, with subsequent damage to the thyroid tissue causing leakage of thyroid hormones into the circulation
• Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis: Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limited thyroid condition associated with a triphasic clinical course of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and return to normal thyroid function.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Brain bleeding in the subarachnoid area
• Suberosis: Inhalation of cork particles contaminated with mould in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the mould in the airborne cork particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Subphrenic abscess: A pus-filled cavity in the subphrenic region which is the area below the diaphragm but above the colon and liver. The infection can occur as a complication of abdominal surgery, acute pancreatitis and trauma.
• Sulfa antibiotics allergy: Taking sulfa antibiotics can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Sulfone syndrome: A hypersensitivity reaction to sulfone which is a component of a drug called dapsone which is often used to treat skin conditions such as leprosy, vasculitis, dermatitis herpetiformis and Sweet disease. The reaction can result in death in some cases.
• Sump Syndrome: A complication that can sometimes occur after an operation done to treat recurring stone disease. The surgery involves forming a connection between the common bile duct and the intestines. Sometimes a pit-like (sump) portion develops along the bile duct and this allows debris such as food to build up in a pit-like (sump) portion of the bile duct. The buildup of debris can lead to infection.
• Sunburn: Any injury to the skin caused by the ultraviolet rays caused by the sun
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein wall
• Surgical Wound Infection: Infection that occurs at the site of a surgery.
• Surgical foreign body: A foreign body that is left behind after surgery
• Sweating: Sweating more than normal
• Swine flu: The Swine Flu is a respiratory viral disease which is usually found in pigs but can sometimes be transmitted to humans and cause epidemics or even pandemics. The viral strain involved is type A H1N1. The virus can be spread amongst humans from direct contact which can occur through coughing, sneezing or contamination of hands and surfaces. The severity of symptoms is highly variable, although with most people suffering only relatively mild symptoms. Patients are considered contagious for up to a week after the onset of symptoms but children may be contagious for longer periods of time.
• Syncope, familial neurocardiogenic: A familial condition where a person suffers an increased tendency to faint due to a sudden drop in blood pressure.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Treponema pallidum). The condition is often asymptomatic in the early stages but one or more sores may be present in the early stages. Untreated syphilis usually results in remission of visible symptoms but further severe damage may occur to internal organs and other body tissues which can result in death.
• Syphilitic aseptic meningitis: A chronic syphilis infection which affects the nervous system.
• Systemic candidiasis: A candida infection that spreads throughout the body. If it invades major organs such as the brain and heart, death may result. It is rare in healthy individuals and tends to occur in immunocompromised individuals. The disorder is difficult to diagnose as it can invade almost any organ of the body and hence the symptoms are hugely variable.
• T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of particular white blood cells called T-cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• TRAPS (TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome): A rare syndrome involving periods of fever and chills along with gastrointestinal symptoms and muscle pain. Symptoms last for two or three weeks.
• Temporal arteritis: Inflamed head artery causing headache.
• Testicle disorders: Any condition that affects the testicles
• Testicular torsion: Twisting of a testicle's spermatic cord
• Tetanus: A disease caused by chemicals which are produced by a bacterium (clostridium tetani) and are toxic to the nerves. The infection usually occurs when the bacteria enter the body through a deep wound - these bacteria are anaerobic and hence don't need oxygen to survive.
• Thatched Roof disease: Inhalation of thatched roof particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Thiopurine S methyltranferase deficiency: A rare enzyme deficiency which is generally asymptomatic but can cause problems when certain anti-cancer or immunosuppressant drugs are used (e.g. 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, azathioprine). The body is unable to metabolize these drugs which leads to a toxic buildup which can ultimately lead to reduced blood production by the bone marrow.
• Thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune: A rare blood disorder where a low number of platelets impairs the bloods ability to clot and results in bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia. The condition may be familial or acquired - symptoms tend to recur regularly in the familial form.
• Tick bite: When an individual is bitten by a tick
• Tick-borne diseases: Any disease that is transferred to humans by the tick
• Tick-borne encephalitis: A viral infection (flavivirdae) of the central nervous system which is transmitted by ticks. Ticks usually feed on small rodents who are the main carriers of the virus. Transmission may also occur through the consumption of untreated milk. The incubation period is usually 1 to 2 weeks. The symptoms occur in two phases: the first involves symptoms of a general viral illness (fever, headache, nausea, aching muscles) followed by a period of remission and then central nervous system inflammation such as meningitis. However, many patients only suffer the first phase of the disease.
• Tobacco Worker's disease: Inhalation of mold on tobacco in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Togaviridae disease: Infection with any of a number of togaviridae viruses which can caused conditions such as Equine encephalitis, Ross River virus and Rubella virus. Symptoms are determined by the type of virus involved. Togaviridae are arboviruses and are transmitted by arthropods.
• Tonsilitis: Inflammation of the tonsils in the throat.
• Tooth abscess: Pus-filled abscess of a tooth
• Torticollis, keloids, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia: A rare genetic condition characterized by undescended testes, kidney defects, torticollis and the formation of keloids which are scar-like elevations on the skin. The symptoms occur in males though females carriers can have mild symptoms.
• Torulopsis: A type of yeast infection caused by Torulopsis glabrata. The fungus is often found in normal healthy skin, respiratory system, genitourinary system and gastrointestinal system and it generally only becomes a problem in weakened or immunocompromised people. They type of symptoms are determined by where and how severe the infection is.
• Toxemia: A medical condition that occurs when there is a release of toxins from bacteria within the bloodstream
• Toxic Shock Syndrome: Severe immune reaction causing shock
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis: A skin condition causing widespread blisters to erupt over greater than 30% of the body.
• Toxic mushrooms - Anticholinergic: Some mushrooms contain a toxic chemical called ibotenic acid which causes anticholinergic symptoms. Ibotenic acid is converted to muscimol during digestion. The two toxins have opposing actions which results in initial excitation symptoms followed by a prolonged coma-like sleep. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Amanita sp. - cothurnata, crenulata, frostiana, gemmata, muscaria and pantherina. Eating two to four mushrooms can result in impaired senses and eating more than twenty usually results in death.
• Toxic mushrooms - Monomethylhydrazine: Some mushrooms contain a toxic chemical called gyromitrin which is converted to monomethylhydrazine after digestion. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Gyromitra, Helvella, Sarcosphaera and Peziza. Poisoning may occur from inhaling fumes from cooking mushrooms. The amount of toxin varies amongst and within species but some are toxic enough to cause death. Urgent medical attention should be sought if mushroom poisoning is suspected.
• Toxic mushrooms - Psychedelic: Some mushrooms contain chemicals called psilocybin and psilocin which produce effects similar to LSD. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Conocybe syanopus, Conocybe spectabilis, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, Pluteus, Psilocybe and Stropharia. About five dried mushroom caps can result in hallucinations.
• Toxocariasis: A parasitic roundworm (Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati) infection that normally occurs in cats and dogs but can be transmitted to humans by ingesting the larvae or eggs. The infection may be asymptomatic or severe and symptoms depend on where the larvae travel to when they migrate through the body.
• Toxoplasmosis: Infection often caught from cats and their feces.
• Transfusion Reaction: The allergic reaction to the transfusion of blood products to a person
• Traveler's diarrhea: Various diarrheal conditions often caught on international travel.
• Treponema infection: A rare infectious diseases which is transmitted through sexual contact and caused by Treponema pallidum (a spirochete bacterium). Untreated cases can result in severe complications and even death.
• Trichinosis: Worm infection usually caught from pigs
• Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection causing nodules forming, most commonly in the lung.
• Tuberculosis, pulmonary: Lung infection caused by a contagious bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection occurs through inhalation of contaminants from infected people. Infection may spread from the lungs to other organs. The infection may incubate for years, be asymptomatic or produced symptoms within weeks. Immunocompromised people may suffer severe symptoms.
• Tuberculous meningitis: Tuberculous meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by Koch's bacillus.
• Tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis: A rare disorder characterized by neurological degeneration and skeletal abnormalities.
• Tularemia: A rare infections disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis (a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus). Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or there habitats e.g. bites from infected insects or other animals, eating infected wild animals, contact with contaminated water and soil. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the method of infection. For example infection through inhalation can cause symptoms similar to pneumonia, eating infected animals can cause a sore throat and abdominal symptoms and transmission through the skin can cause result in a painful skin ulcer.
• Type A Influenza: Type A influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that can cause cause serious illness and result in pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H1: The H1 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause serious illness and result in pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H10N7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H10N7 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in human - only two cases of infectin have been reported.
• Type A influenza subtype H1N1: The H1N1 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The H1N1 subtype caused a pandemic called the Spanish Flu in 1918 and resulted in millions of deaths.
• Type A influenza subtype H1N2: The H1N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H2N2: The H2N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H3N2: The H3N2 subtype of influenza is a strain of the type A influenza virus that can cause cause illness in humans. Subtype H3N2 has caused a number of pandemics (e.g. Hong Kong Flu) and tends to occur in a seasonal pattern in many parts of the world. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type A influenza subtype H5: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H5 is a subtype of influenza which can be further divided into subtypes e.g. H5N1.
• Type A influenza subtype H5N1: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H5N1 is a subtype of influenza that mainly infects birds but can be transmitted to humans. Infections were reported in Hong Kong in 1997 and in various parts of the world in 2003 - 2007.
• Type A influenza subtype H7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7 is a subtype of influenza which usually infects animals but can be transmitted to humans.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N2: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N2 is a subtype of influenza which has rarely infected humans. Infections were reported in New York in 2003 and in the UK in 2007.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N3: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N3 is a subtype of influenza which rarely infects humans. Infections were reported were reported in Canada in 2004.
• Type A influenza subtype H7N7: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H7N7 is a subtype of influenza which rarely infects humans. Infections were reported in the UK in 1996 and in the Netherlands in 2003.
• Type A influenza subtype H9: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H9 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in humans and tends to only cause mild illness.
• Type A influenza subtype H9N2: Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise. Influenza A H9N2 is a subtype of influenza which rarely causes infection in humans. A small number of cases occurred in China and Hong Kong in 1999 and 2003 and 2007.
• Type B Influenza: Type B influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that tends to occur sporadically - can cause epidemics but not pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection. The virus is very contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Type C Influenza: Type C influenza is a subtype of the influenza virus that only rarely infects people and tends to only cause mild illness. It is not known to cause epidemics or pandemics. Influenza is viral respiratory infection.
• Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of lipoprotein lipase which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type Ia Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ia Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of lipoprotein lipase which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type Ib Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ib Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of low levels of apolipoprotein C-II which is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Type Ic Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type Ic Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare inherited condition characterized by high levels of chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein) in the blood. This condition is the result of inhibited lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase is responsible for lowering lipoprotein levels. Cholesterol levels are usually normal and the risk of heart disease is low.
• Typhoid fever: Fever from bacterial food poisoning.
• Tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Urachal cancer: A very rare cancer that occurs in the top of the urinary bladder. The urachus is a tube which joins the belly button to the top of the bladder. After birth, this tube gradually disappears and the amount remaining varies from person to person.
• Urachal cyst: A cyst which occurs in the remnants between the umbilicus and bladder
• Uremic pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication in people with uremia. Uremia is a buildup of urea and other waste material in the blood due to kidney failure. Uremic pericarditis condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Urinary stones: Stones in the urinary tract or bladder.
• Urinary tract infections: Infection of the urinary system; usually bacterial.
• Urinary tract infections (child): Infection of the urinary system in children.
• VLCAD deficiency: A rare condition that is characterised by cardiomyopathy, fatty liver, skeletal myopathy, pericardial effusions, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death
• Vanadium poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to vanadium.
• Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia: A condition which is characterised by bacteremia caused by an enterococci that is resistant to vancomycin.
• Varicella virus antenatal infection: The infection of a mother with the varicella virus whilst she is pregnant
• Varicella zoster: A highly contagious disease caused by herpes virus 3
• Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
• Vasculitis hypersensitivity: A condition which is characterised by a reaction that results in the inflammation of the blood vessels
• Vasculitis, cutaneous necrotising: A condition which is characterised by a vasculitis that results in a necrosis of the cutaneous tissues
• Ventral Hernia: The protrusion of abdominal contents such as bowel through a defect in the abdominal wall caused by surgery or trauma.
• Vestibular neuritis: A temporary condition which affects the inner ear workings but doesn't impair hearing. It is often caused by an upper respiratory infection.
• Vibrio: An organism of the genus Vibrio or other spiral motile organism
• Vibrio Infections: Infection by a bacteria which occurs naturally in seawater and in the stomach of many seawater animals. It is a serious infection and accounts for most seafood-related deaths. It causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms and can also cause wound infection.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio alginolyticus: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio alginolyticus. This bacterium tends to cause ear and wound infections.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio damsela: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio damsela. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Wound infection is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia and gastroenteritis is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio fluvialis: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio fluvialis. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio furnissii: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio furnissii. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia and wound infection is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio holisae: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio holisae. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio metschnikovii: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio metschnikovii. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio mimicus: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio mimicus. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia and wound infection is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio infection - Vibrio parahaemolyticus: An infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The nature and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on the type of infection caused - gastroenteritis, wound infection or septicemia. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease associated with this bacteria and septicemia is relatively rare. Infection usually occurs through consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of a wound to contaminated water. The elderly and very young tend to suffer more severe symptoms.
• Vibrio mimicus food poisoning: Ingestion of food or water contaminated with a particular bacteria (Vibrio mimicus).
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Bacteria commonly infecting oysters and seafood.
• Vibrio vulnificus: Bacteria commonly infecting oysters and seafood.
• Vibrio vulnificus infection: The infection by the vibrio vulnificus bacteria
• Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Viral infections causing hemorrhagic fever (i.e. bleeding)
• Viral Hepatitis: hepatitis describes inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be caused by alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and viruses. Viral infection accounts for more than half the cases of acute hepatitis.
• Viral digestive infections: Any virus that infects the gastrointestinal tract causing a medical condition
• Viral gastroenteritis: Virus causing gastroenteritis of digestive tract.
• Viral meningitis: Viral meningitis refers to meningitis caused by a viral infection
• Viral pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that results from a viral infection. Causative viruses include HIV, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses and adenoviruses. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Viral prostatitis: Acute prostatitis almost always results from an infection. Infections that cause prostatitis are often bacterial. They are rarely fungal, viral, or protozoal.
• Viremia: The presence of a virus in the bloodstream. The symptoms will depend on the type of virus involved. Some viruses cause no symptoms.
• Virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome: A fulminant condition characterised by viral infection causing multiple organ infiltrates of haemophagocytic histiocytes.
• Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis infection involves the spleen, liver and bone marrow and can be fatal if untreated.
• Vitamin C Overdose: Symptoms occurring due to the ingestion of an amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in excess of recommended doses or prolonged chewing of vitamin C supplement tablets; overdose is rare except in people with predisposing conditions as ascorbic acid is non-toxic.
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by poliosis and hair, skin, eye and ear abnormalities as well as retinal detachment and neurological involvement.
• Vomiting: Vomiting or retching symptoms.
• WAGR Syndrome: A syndrome that is due to the deletion of chromosome 11.
• WT limb blood syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by blood and limb abnormalities.
• Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: A plasma cell dyscrasia that resembles leukaemia
• Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome: The malignant form of cerebrospinal meningitis
• Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome: A rare syndrome that occurs as complication of septicemia (often due to meningococcal or pneumococcal infection) and involves blood coagulation in blood vessels, adrenal gland hemorrhages and ultimately kidney failure.
• Weber-Christian disease: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring inflammation of the fatty layer of the skin and the development of nodules.
• Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare disease involving blood vessel inflammation which can affect the blood flow to various tissues and organs and hence cause damage. The respiratory system and the kidneys are the main systems affected.
• Weil syndrome: A rare infectious disorder which affects liver and kidney function and also causes hemorrhaging. It is a severe form of the second phase of leptospirosis which is an infection caused by the spiral shaped bacteria Leptospira interrogans which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Weil's syndrome: Severe form of Leptospirosis
• Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type: A very slowly progressing muscle fiber degeneration that starts as mild weakness in the small muscles of hands and feet and may eventually spread to neighbouring muscles.
• Wells syndrome: A rare disorder affecting the skin and characterized by a flame-shaped patch of raised red skin which eventually undergoes changes such as blistering and altered color.
• West African Trypanosomiasis: West African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• West Nile fever: Mosquito-borne infectious virus.
• West nile encephalitis: A virus that is of the Flavivirus genus that causes the condition West Nile encephalitis
• Western equine encephalitis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus (Alphavirus - Togaviraidae) and transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The infection primarily attacks that central nervous system and severity can range from asymptomatic to severe complications and even death in rare cases.
• Western/Eastern/California encephalitis: This is a viral disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans and results in symptoms that are flu like in its symptoms
• Wheat intolerance: A condition that is characterised by an intolerance to wheat
• Wheezing: A whistling like continuous sound that is caused by the respiratory system
• Whitlow: Fingertip soft pad infection
• Whooping Cough: An infectious condition caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis
• Wild cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Wilms tumor and radial bilateral aplasia: A condition that is characterised by bilateral aplasia of the kidneys and wilms tumor
• Wilms tumour and pseudohermaphroditism: A syndrome that is characterised by the occurrence of Wilms tumor with pseudohermaphroditism
• Wilms' tumor: A malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children.
• Wine Grower's lung: Inhalation of grape mold particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: An inherited immune system disorder that affects only males and is characterized by recurring infections, eczema and reduced level of blood platelets (thrombocytopenia).
• Wood trimmer's disease: Inhalation of wood trimming particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woods Black Norbury syndrome: A condition that is characterised by immune deficiency in the newborn ultimately resulting in death
• Woodworker's lung: Inhalation of a wood particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Cedar dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the Cedar tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Mahogany dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the mahogany tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Maple dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the maple tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Oak dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the oak tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Pine dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the pine tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Spruce dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the spruce tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Worm conditions: Any condition that is caused by infestation of worms
• Wound Infection: Infection of a skin wound.
• Wrist conditions: Any condition that affects an individuals wrist
• Wrist fracture: A condition that is characterised by the fracture of one of the bones that comprise the wrist
• Wrist injury: A condition that is characterised by an injury to the wrist
• Wuchereria bancrofti: An infectious disease caused by a thin, white, threadworm which affects the lymphatic circulation. It is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito.
• X-linked agammaglobulinaemia: A condition that is characterised by the x linked inheritance of the absence of all immunoglobulins in the blood
• X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome: A rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder where the body's immune systm is unable to respond appropriately to certain viral infections (Epstein Barr virus).
• XK aprosencephaly: An extremely rare condition where the forebrain is absent as well as other abnormalities.
• Xanthic urolithiasis: The formation of xanthine crystals in the urine
• Xanthine oxydase deficiency: The deficiency of an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of purine
• Xanthinuria: A hereditary condition that is characterised by a disorder of purine metabolism
• Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A lipid laden foam cell tumour of the gallbladder resulting in inflammation
• Yaws: A rare infections disease caused by the spiral-shaped bacteria Treponema pertenue. The disease consists of three phases: skin lesions are followed by bone, joint and widespread skin symptoms and finally by inflammation and destruction of cartilage in the nose, pharynx and palate. Transmission can be through direct contact with infected skin, insect bites or sex.
• Yellow fever: A viral infection transmitted by mosquito bites which can damage various organs such as the liver, heart, kidney and digestive tract.
• Yellow nail syndrome: A rare nail condition characterized by thickened yellow nails as well as swelling of parts of the body due to lymphatic drainage problems resulting from blocked or damaged lymphatic system.
• Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pseudotuberculosis which is transmitted from direct and indirect contact with infected animals. Human to human transmission may also occur through fecal-oral contact.
• Yersiniosis: A condition which is characterized by infectious diarrhea, enteritis, ileitis and occasionally septicaemia
• Young syndrome: Symptoms in a fetus that occur when the mother is suffering from advanced diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
• Yusho disease: A condition that affects the menstrual cycle of female as well as having effects on the immune system
• ZAP70 deficiency: A condition characterised by a deficiency of the Zap70 tyrosine kinase which is a component
• Zinc poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to zinc.
• Zuskas Disease: A metaplastic condition that affects the lactiferous ducts of the breast
• Zygomycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales which are normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. The infection differs from mucormycosis which only involves the order Mucorales. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses.